_______ and urbanization are the two main causes of environmental pollution.
Soil
Air
Industrialization
None of these
Answers
Answer:
Industrialization
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Pollution is now a commonplace term that our ears are attuned to. We hear about the various forms of pollution every day and read about it through the mass media. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside.
A physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can be termed as pollution. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals, and humans to survive as the air becomes dirty.Another way of looking at air pollution could be any substance that holds the potential to hinder the atmosphere or the well being of the living beings surviving in it.The sustainment of all things living is due to a combination of gases that collectively form the atmosphere; the imbalance caused by the increase or decrease in the percentage of these gases can be harmful to survival.
The Ozone layer considered crucial for the existence of the ecosystems on the planet is depleting due to increased pollution. Global warming, a direct result of the increased imbalance of gases in the atmosphere, has come to be known as the biggest threat and challenge that the contemporary world has to overcome in a bid for survival.Air pollution can be classified into two sections – invisible and visible air pollution.
Visible air pollution, as the name suggests, can be visible. The smog you see over a city is an example of visible pollution.
Invisible air pollutants are less noticeable, but they can be more deadly. Good examples of invisible air pollutants are sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
It can be further divided into Primarily and Secondary air pollutants if we go deep.
Primarily air pollutants can be caused by primary sources or secondary sources. The pollutants that are a direct result of the process can be called primary pollutants. A classic example of a primary pollutant would be the sulfur-dioxide emitted from factories.Secondary pollutants are the ones that are caused by the intermingling and reactions of primary pollutants. Smog created by the interactions of several primary pollutants is known as a secondary pollutant.
Top-ten Kinds of Air Pollution
Sulfur dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Particulates
Ozone
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Unburned hydrocarbons
Lead and heavy metals
Sources of Air Pollution
When we try to study the sources of Air pollution, we usually enlist a series of activities and interactions that create these pollutants. There are two types of sources that we will take a look, namely Natural sources and Man-made sources.Natural Sources
Natural sources of pollution include dust carried by the wind from locations with very little or no green cover, gases released from the body processes of living beings (Carbon dioxide from humans during respiration, Methane from cattle during digestion, Oxygen from plants during Photosynthesis).
Smoke from the combustion of various inflammable objects, volcanic eruptions, etc. along with the emission of polluted gases also makes it to the list of natural sources of pollution.
Man-made Sources
While looking at the man-made contributions towards air pollution, it can be further divided into: Outdoor pollution sources
Indoor pollution sources
Outdoor Pollution Sources
The major outdoor pollution sources include power generation, vehicles, agriculture/waste incineration, industry and building heating systems. Smoke features as a prominent component. The smoke emitted from various forms of combustion, like in biomass, factories, vehicles, furnaces, etc.
Waste dumped in landfills generates methane, which is harmful in several ways. The reactions of certain gases and chemicals also form harmful fumes that can be dangerous to the well-being of living creatures.
Indoor Pollution Sources
In low- and middle-income countries, mostly burning fuels such as dung, coal and wood in inefficient stoves or open hearths produces a variety of health-damaging pollutants. These include carbon monoxide, methane, particulate matter (PM), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and volatile organic compounds (VOC).Even burning kerosene in simple wick lamps also produces significant emissions of fine particles and other pollutants. Exposure to smoke from cooking fires causes 3.8 million premature deaths each year.
Various Causes of Air pollution
1. The Burning of Fossil Fuels
Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum for energy in power plants, and other factory combustibles is one the major cause of air pollution.
Billions of vehicles run on roads are powered by gasoline and diesel engines that burn petroleum for releasing energy. Petroleum is made up of hydrocarbons, and engines don’t burn them cleanly.