Ang mga kabihasnang Sumeria, Akkadian, at Babylonian ay kapwa nagtataglay ng malalakas na pinuno. Sa tingin mo, ano ang dahilan kung bakit sumapit ang kanilang kaharian sa pagbagsak?
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Answer:
Babylonia (/ˌbæbɪˈloʊniə/) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and Syria). A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC, which contained the minor administrative town of Babylon.[1] It was merely a small provincial town during the Akkadian Empire (2335–2154 BC) but greatly expanded during the reign of Hammurabi in the first half of the 18th century BC and became a major capital city. During the reign of Hammurabi and afterwards, Babylonia was called "the country of Akkad" (Māt Akkadī in Akkadian), a deliberate archaism in reference to the previous glory of the Akkadian Empire.[2][3]
(Akkadian)
māt Akkadī
1895 BC–539 BC
The extent of the Babylonian Empire at the start and end of Hammurabi's reign, located in what today is modern day Iraq
The extent of the Babylonian Empire at the start and end of Hammurabi's reign, located in what today is modern day Iraq
Capital
Babylon
Official languages
Akkadian
Sumerian
Aramaic
Common languages
Akkadian
Aramaic
Religion
Babylonian religion
History
• Established
1895 BC
• Disestablished
539 BC
Preceded by Succeeded by
Sumeria
Akkadian Empire
Achaemenid Empire
Today part of
Iraq
It was often involved in rivalry with the older state of Assyria to the north and Elam to the east in Ancient Iran. Babylonia briefly became the major power in the region after Hammurabi (fl. c. 1792–1752 BC middle chronology, or c. 1696–1654 BC, short chronology) created a short-lived empire, succeeding the earlier Akkadian Empire, Third Dynasty of Ur, and Old Assyrian Empire. The Babylonian Empire rapidly fell apart after the death of Hammurabi and reverted to a small kingdom.
Like Assyria, the Babylonian state retained the written Akkadian language (the language of its native populace) for official use, despite its Northwest Semitic-speaking Amorite founders and Kassite successors, who spoke a language isolate, not being native Mesopotamians. It retained the Sumerian language for religious use (as did Assyria), but already by the time Babylon was founded, this was no longer a spoken language, having been wholly subsumed by Akkadian. The earlier Akkadian and Sumerian traditions played a major role in Babylonian and Assyrian culture, and the region would remain an important cultural center, even under its protracted periods of outside rule.
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