Animal cytokinesis and animal cytokinesis
Answers
Cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. It occurs concurrently with two types of nuclear division called mitosis and meiosis, which occur in animal cells. NOTE- animal cells, cytokinesis is achieved when a contractile ring of the cell microtubules form a cleavage furrow that divides the cell membrane into half. The microtubules used during cytokinesis are those generated during the initial stages of division, and they contribute to the restructuring of the new cell. In the plant cell, a cell plate is formed that divides the cell into two.
Now some characteristics-
1) The contractile ring is held together by the microtubules of the mitotic spindles.
2) The cleavage furrow forms around the division plane which eventually pinches off separating the cell into two cells.
3) These microtubules and cell signals determine the location of the contractile ring and therefore they direct the plane of cell division, known as the division plane.
4) This is furtjer followed by a process of contraction and constriction by the contractile ring, made up of actin, myosin, and regulatory proteins.
5) Actin and myosin are formed during interphase assembled in a cortical network o the filaments filled with actin and myosin.
6) The contractile ring is positioned by the actin-myosin and regulatory proteins, and they also act as the motor proteins, allowing the contraction of the muscle cells.
7) After the exclusion of the cytoplasm and the organelles, the ring and the microtubules are left behind forming the midbody structure.
8) The cellular proteins cut and fusion of the plasma membrane are shut, while the extracellular elements that hold the cell together get dissolved, separating the cells.
9) The separated cells may remain associated linked by the cytoplasm at bridges known as the gap junctions.
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