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Answer 1

Plant Kingdom- Plantae

R.H. Whittaker organized the organisms into five kingdoms. He classified organisms on the basis of cell structure, mode, source of nutrition and body design. The five kingdoms proposed by Whittaker are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Plant Kingdom – Plantae

Plantae is the plant kingdom which includes all plants on the earth. They are multicellular eukaryotes. Typically, they consist of a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane called the cell wall. Plants also have a green coloured pigment called chlorophyll that are quite important for photosynthesis. Hence, they have an autotrophic mode of nutrition. The plant kingdom is a vast group; therefore, the kingdom is further classified into subgroups. Level of classification is based on the following three criteria:

Plant body: whether the body has well-differentiated structures or not.Vascular system: whether the plant has vascular system for transportation of substances or notSeed formation: whether the plant bears flowers and seeds or not; if it does, then whether it is enclosed within fruits or not.

Considering all these factors, the plant kingdom has been divided into five subgroups. They are as follows:

Thallophyta Bryophyta Pteridophyta Gymnosperms Angiosperms