Question

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Answer 1

Answer:

1) Frenkel defect is not found in the pure alkali metal halides because this defect is due to vacancy of ion ,which is shifted in interstitial spaces,and pure alkyl halide do not have vacancy.

2) In Schottky defect, certain cations and anions are missing from the crystal lattice. Therefore, the density of the crystal decreases. However, in Frenkel defect, the ions do not leave the lattice but they simply change their positions from lattice points to the interstitial spaces.

3) Because according to the third law of thermodynamics perfect crystals exists at 0K. As the temperature increases the chance that a lattice may be unoccupied by an ion increases. As the number of defects increases with temperature, the defects are called thermodynamics defect.

4) Common salt is yellow sometimes due to the presence of electrons in some lattice sites in place of anions these sites act as F‐centers. These electrons when excited impart color to the crystal.

5) In metals, conductivity is due to movement of free electrons. When temperature increases, the vibration of metal ions increases. This results in increase in resistance of metal and hence, decrease in conductivity.

6) Certain gas lighters consist of piezoelectric crystals. ... When pressure is applied, the displacement of constituents in the crystal takes place resulting in electric spark as a result of which fuel gas present in the lighter catches fire and flame is produced.

7) (i) Ge' belongs to group 14th in th periodic table and 'In” belongs to the group 13th . thus, when 'Ge' is doped with 'In', it makes hole or electron vacancy and acts as p – type conductor. 'Si' belongs to group 14th in the periodic table and 'B' belongs to group 13th.(ii) I dont know

8) IT decreases with increase in temperature

9) The Frenkel defect does not change the density of the AgCl crystals because Ag+ ions have left only their normal sites and have occupied positions elsewhere in the lattice.

10) e.g. Of 12-16 compounds are ZnS, CdS, CdSe & HgTe e.g. of 13-15 compounds are InSb, AlP and GaAs

11) n-type semiconductor

Hence, doping of silicon with arsenic leads to formation of n-type semiconductor. Note: N-type semiconductor is formed when elements of the fifth group element of periodic table are doped.

12) Between 0.1 K to 10 K temperature.

13) By doping pure silicon with Group V elements such as phosphorus, extra valence electrons are added that become unbonded from individual atoms and allow the compound to be an electrically conductive n-type semiconductor.

14) The answer is, The substances in which the magnetic moment is aligned in such a way that the net magnetic dipole moment is zero. Some of the examples are: 1) MnO, 2) FeO etc.

15) Ferromagnetism is a concept that arises due to attraction that is caused between two substances that are not electrically charged. This ferromagnetism happens which the crystals in the ferromagnetic object align themselves in a definite orderly pattern.

16) When AgCl is doped with CdCl2, cationic vacancy defect is produced. - When AgCl is doped with CdCl2, each Cd++ ion replaces two Ag+ ions to balance the charge. - As a result, overall 1 cationic vacancy is created per CdCl2 molecule added. - This is called vacancy defect.

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