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Explanation:
a) The differences between physical, chemical and biological weathering are that physical weathering is done by water, temperature, and wind whereas biological weathering is done by biological organisms and chemical weathering is done by hydrolysis, reduction, and oxidation....
b) Most soils have three major horizons -- the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C). Some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but this horizon can also be buried. The master horizon, E, is used for subsurface horizons that have a significant loss of minerals....
c) Percolation rate (ml/min) = amount of water (ml) / percolation time (min). For example, If 200 ml of water is percolated through the soil sample in 40 min....
d) Crop Rotation: Rotating in high-residue crops — such as corn, hay, and small grain — can reduce erosion as the layer of residue protects topsoil from being carried away by wind and water. Conservation Tillage: Conventional tillage produces a smooth surface that leaves soil vulnerable to erosion....