ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS: 1. Define one calorie 2. State Boyle's law. 3. State-the law of volume 4. Distinguish between ideal gas and real gas. 5. What is rust? Give the equation for formation of rust 6. State two conditions necessary for rusting of iron. 7. What causes the opening and closing of guard cells of stomata during sweat? 8. Trace the pathway followed by water molecules from the time it enters a plant root to the time it escapes into the atmosphere from a leaf. 9. What would happen to the leaves of a plant that transpires more water than its absorption in the roots? 10. What is the importance of valves in the heart? 11. Who discovered Rh factor? Why was it named so? 12. Why is the Sinoatrial node called the pacemaker of heart? 13. What are synthetic auxins? Give examples. 14.. What is bolting? How can it be induced artificially? 15. Why are thyroid hormones refered as personality hormone?
Answers
Answer:
1 The calorie was originally defined as the amount of heat required at a pressure of 1 standard atmosphere to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1° Celsius. Since 1925 this calorie has been defined in terms of the joule, the definition since 1948 being that one calorie is equal to approximately 4.2 joules.
2.This empirical relation, formulated by the physicist Robert Boyle in 1662, states that the pressure (p) of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume (v) at constant temperature; i.e., in equation form, pv = k, a constant. ...
3.When the pressure of gas is kept constant, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas. (i.e) VαT,V/T= constant
4. Two types of gases exist. Real gas and Ideal gas. As the particle size of an ideal gas is extremely small and the mass is almost zero and no volume Ideal gas is also considered as a point mass.
5.The chemical formula for rust is Fe2O3 and is commonly known as ferric oxide or iron oxide. The final product is a series of chemical reactions simplified below as- The rusting of the iron formula is simply 4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O → 4Fe(OH)3.
6.The exposure of iron to oxygen in the presence of moisture leads to the formation of rust. ... So, the presence of air and water vapor in air are two necessary conditions for the rusting of iron.
7.>The stomata are the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves. ... The guard cells are specialized plant cells present in the epidermis of leaves, stems. > The change in the turgidity of the guard cells causes their opening and closing.
8.The pathway followed by the water molecules from the root to the leaf, from which it escapes into the atmosphere through stomata during transpiration is: Plant root hairs —> Cortical cells —> Xylem —> Stem —> Leaves.
9.when the leaves of a plant transpires more than its absorbtion , leads to dehydration of the tissues and the plants may start wiliting .
10.The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle.
11.I ) Rh factor was dicovered by Landeteiner and Wiener in 1940 . (ii ) It is named as 'Rh ' because it was first discovered in Rhesus monkeys .
12.The cells of the SA node at the top of the heart are known as the pacemaker of the heart because the rate at which these cells send out electrical signals determines the rate at which the entire heart beats (heart rate). The normal heart rate at rest ranges between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
13.Some of the commonly known synthetic auxins are for example, Indole-3-propionic acid, Indole-3-pyruvic acid, 2, 4 Dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), Phenoxyacetic acid, 2-Methyl-4-ChIorophenoxy acetic acid (Methoxone), β-Naphthoxyacetic acid, α-Naphthalene acetic acid, β-Naphthalene acetic acid, Anthracene acetic ...
14.Bolting can be artificially induced by plant hormone gibberellins. These plant hormone gibberellins are present naturally in the plants but can also be induced exogenously. These gibberellins increase the height of intermodal regions present in the stem.
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