Question

Answer all the Questions:-

Explain the response of all communities to environment over time.


An organic farmer relies on natural predation for controlling plant pests and

diseases. Justify giving reasons why this is considered to be a holistic approach.
Apart from being part of the food chain, predators play other important roles.

Mention any two such roles supported by examples.



Mention four adaptive features that help cacti survive in xeric environment.


Q.5. In certain seasons we sweat profusely while in some other season we shiver.


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Answer 1

Explanation:

$\huge\boxed{\fcolorbox{red}{grey}{Answers}}$

$\huge\mathfrak\green{Answer \:no. \:1}$

ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛᴀʟ ғᴀᴄᴛᴏʀs ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ, ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ, ʟɪɢʜᴛ, sᴏɪʟ, ᴇᴛᴄ., ᴍᴀʏ ɪɴғʟᴜᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀs ᴏғ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴜɴɪᴛɪᴇs ɪɴ ᴠᴀʀʏɪɴɢ ᴅᴇɢʀᴇᴇs. ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍs ɪɴ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ғᴀᴄᴛᴏʀs ᴛʀʏ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴅᴀᴘᴛ ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴄᴀᴘᴀᴄɪᴛɪᴇs, ʙʏ ᴍᴀɪɴᴛᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ᴀ ᴄᴏɴsᴛᴀɴᴛ ɪɴᴛᴇʀɴᴀʟ ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ʜᴏᴍᴇᴏsᴛᴀsɪs ᴏʀ ᴍɪɢʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛᴏ ᴀ ʟᴇss sᴛʀᴇssғᴜʟ ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏʀ sᴜsᴘᴇɴᴅɪɴɢ ᴀᴄᴛɪᴠɪᴛɪᴇs ᴛɪʟʟ ғᴀᴠᴏᴜʀᴀʙʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴs ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ.

$\huge\mathfrak\green{Answer \:no. \:2}$

ʙᴇsɪᴅᴇs ᴀᴄᴛɪɴɢ ᴀs ‘ᴄᴏɴᴅᴜɪᴛs’ ғᴏʀ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴇʀ ᴀᴄʀᴏss ᴛʀᴏᴘʜɪᴄ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟs, ᴘʀᴇᴅᴀᴛᴏʀs ᴀʀᴇ ᴜsᴇᴅ ɪɴ ʙɪᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟ ᴏғ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ ᴘᴇsᴛs. ᴛʜɪs ᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇᴅᴀᴛᴏʀ ɪs ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ɪᴛs ʀᴇɢᴜʟᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇʏ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴀʟ ᴘʀᴇᴅᴀᴛᴏʀs ʀᴇᴅᴜᴄᴇ ɪɴᴛᴇʀsᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛɪᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴅᴏ ɴᴏᴛ ʜᴀʀᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʀᴏᴘ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛs. ғᴏʀ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ, ɪɴ ᴀɴ ᴀʀᴇᴀ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴠᴀsɪᴠᴇ ᴄᴀᴄᴛᴜs ᴄᴀɴ ʙᴇ ʙʀᴏᴜɢʜᴛ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟ ʙʏ ᴄᴀᴄᴛᴜs-ғᴇᴇᴅɪɴɢ ᴘʀᴇᴅᴀᴛᴏʀ (ᴀ ᴍᴏᴛʜ). ᴜsɪɴɢ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴀʟ ᴘʀᴇᴅᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴄᴏsʏsᴛᴇᴍ ɪs ᴋᴇᴘᴛ sᴛᴀʙʟᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ʜᴀʀᴍɪɴɢ ᴀɴʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʀᴏᴘʜɪᴄ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟs.

$\huge\mathfrak\green{Answer \:no. \:3}$

ɪ. ᴋᴇᴇᴘs ᴘʀᴇʏ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟ. ғᴏʀ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ, ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴠᴀsɪᴠᴇ ᴘʀɪᴄᴋʟʏ. ᴘᴏᴏʀ ᴄᴀᴄᴛᴜs ɪɴ ᴀᴜsᴛʀᴀʟɪᴀ ᴡᴀs ʙʀᴏᴜɢʜᴛ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ᴀ ᴄᴀᴄᴛᴜs ғᴇᴇᴅɪɴɢ ᴘʀᴇᴅᴀᴛᴏʀ (ᴀ ᴍᴏᴛʜ) ᴡᴀs ɪɴᴛʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀʏ.

ɪɪ. ᴍᴀɪɴᴛᴀɪɴs sᴘᴇᴄɪᴇs ᴅɪᴠᴇʀsɪᴛʏ ʙʏ ʀᴇᴅᴜᴄɪɴɢ ɪɴᴛᴇɴsɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛɪᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴍᴏɴɢ ᴘʀᴇʏ sᴘᴇᴄɪᴇs. ғᴏʀ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ, ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀʀғɪsʜ ᴘɪsᴀsᴛᴇʀ ᴡᴀs ʀᴇᴍᴏᴠᴇᴅ ғʀᴏᴍ ɪᴛs ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴜɴɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴀᴍᴇʀɪᴄᴀɴ ᴘᴀᴄɪғɪᴄ ᴄᴏᴀsᴛ, ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴀɴ 10 sᴘᴇᴄɪᴇs ᴏғ ɪɴᴠᴇʀᴛᴇʙʀᴀᴛᴇs ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴇxᴛɪɴᴄᴛ.

$\huge\mathfrak\green{Answer \:no. \:4}$

ᴀᴅᴀᴘᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴅᴇsᴇʀᴛ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛs:

ɪ. ᴅᴇsᴇʀᴛ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛs ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋ ᴡᴀxʏ ᴄᴏᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴏɴ ʟᴇᴀғ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴄᴜᴛɪᴄʟᴇ ғᴏʀ ᴍɪɴɪᴍᴜᴍ ʟᴏss ᴏғ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ, ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛʀᴀɴsᴘɪʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.

ɪɪ. ᴛʜᴇʏ ʜᴀᴠᴇ sᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟ ᴘʜᴏᴛᴏsʏɴᴛʜᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴘᴀᴛʜᴡᴀʏ (ᴄᴀᴍ) ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴇɴᴀʙʟᴇs ᴍɪɴɪᴍᴜᴍ ʟᴏss ᴏғ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴅᴀʏ ᴛɪᴍᴇ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ sᴛᴏᴍᴀᴛᴀ ʀᴇᴍᴀɪɴ ᴄʟᴏsᴇᴅ.

ɪɪɪ. sᴏᴍᴇ ᴅᴇsᴇʀᴛ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛs ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘ sᴘɪɴᴇs ɪɴsᴛᴇᴀᴅ ᴏғ ʟᴇᴀғ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʜᴏᴛᴏsʏɴᴛʜᴇᴛɪᴄ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ɪs ᴄᴀʀʀɪᴇᴅ ᴏᴜᴛ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ғʟᴀᴛᴛᴇɴᴇᴅ sᴛᴇᴍ.

ɪᴠ. sᴛᴏᴍᴀᴛᴀ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀʀʀᴀɴɢᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴅᴇᴇᴘ ᴘɪᴛs ᴛᴏ ᴍɪɴɪᴍɪsᴇ ʟᴏss ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛʀᴀɴsᴘɪʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.

$\huge\mathfrak\green{Answer \:no. \:5}$

ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ʙᴇɪɴɢs ᴍᴀɪɴᴛᴀɪɴ ᴀ ᴄᴏɴsᴛᴀɴᴛ ʙᴏᴅʏ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴏғ 37°ᴄ.

• ɪɴ sᴜᴍᴍᴇʀs: ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴜᴛsɪᴅᴇ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ɪs ᴍᴜᴄʜ ʜɪɢʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴏᴜʀ ʙᴏᴅʏ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ. ᴛʜᴇʀᴇғᴏʀᴇ, ᴡᴇ sᴡᴇᴀᴛ ᴘʀᴏғᴜsᴇʟʏ. ᴛʜɪs ʀᴇsᴜʟᴛs ɪɴ ᴇᴠᴀᴘᴏʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴄᴏᴏʟɪɴɢ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏᴜʀ ʙᴏᴅʏ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ɪs ʙʀᴏᴜɢʜᴛ ᴅᴏᴡɴ ᴛᴏ ɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ (37°ᴄ).

• ɪɴ ᴡɪɴᴛᴇʀs: ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴜᴛsɪᴅᴇ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ɪs ᴍᴜᴄʜ ʟᴏᴡᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴏᴜʀ ʙᴏᴅʏ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ. ᴛʜᴇʀᴇғᴏʀᴇ, ᴡᴇ sᴛᴀʀᴛ ᴛᴏ sʜɪᴠᴇʀ; ᴛʜɪs ᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴ (ᴏғ sʜɪᴠᴇʀɪɴɢ) ɪs ᴀ ᴋɪɴᴅ ᴏғ ᴇxᴇʀᴄɪsᴇ (ᴡᴏʀᴋ) ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇs ʜᴇᴀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴀɪsᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴏᴅʏ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ.