Answer briefly: (Any four questions)
a, On what factors does pressure in a liquid depend?
b, Why are mercury and water droplets are almost spherical?
C, Write the mathematical expression for work and power, and write their units.
d, Differentiate between fundamental and derived unit.
e, Explain the CGS and MKS system with examples.
f, Explain the terms melting, boiling, and vaporization.
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
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A) Pressure within a liquid depends only on the density of the liquid, the acceleration due to gravity, and the depth within the liquid. The pressure exerted by such a static liquid increases linearly with increasing depth.
B) Due to surface tension mercury tries to acquire the minimum surface area which is minimum for sphere. For small drops, gravity effect is small and mercury drops are nearly spherical. As the size of the drop increases, force of gravity on the drop increases which tries to deform the shape.
C) Work is done when a force that is applied to an object moves that object. The work is calculated by multiplying the force by the amount of movement of an object (W = F * d). A force of 10 newtons, that moves an object 3 meters, does 30 n-m of work.
D) The quantities that do not depend on any other physical quantity for their measurements are known as fundamental quantities.
There are only 7 physical quantities. And rest of all other quantities are derived quantities. Derived quantities are products and/or ratios of the fundamental quantities that exist in a system of units.
The seven fundamental quantities are :
Mass : Kilogram
Time : Second
Length : Meter
Temperature : Kelvin
Electric current : Ampere
Amount of substance : Mole
Luminous Intensity : Candela
E) MKS is the system of units based on measuring lengths in meters, mass in kilograms, and time in seconds. MKS is generally used in engineering and beginning physics, where the so-called cgs system (based on the centimeter, gram, and second) is commonly used in theoretic physics.
F)(a) Melting - The conversion of a solid to its liquid state is melting.
(b) Vaporisation - The conversion of a liquid to its gaseous state i.e. vapours by heating is vaporisation.
(c) Condensation - The conversion of vapor in gaseous state to its liquid state by cooling is condensation.
(d) Freezing - The conversion of a liquid to its solid state is freezing.
(e) Melting point - The temperature at which solid melts into liquid is melting point.
(f) Boiling point - The temperature at which water boils and turns into vapour.
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