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QUE-1 why the African country is not developes inspite of being rich in resource?
QUE-2 Over Irrigation is responsible for water logging and soil infertility.Explain?
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Answer:
Explanation
ANSWER 1'
Lack of Accountability and Responsibility!
What I am about to say is hard and inconvenient truth.
I have heard and read so many EXCUSES why African countries (there are 54) are so poor. In general most African countries have always been dismal economic performers and some outright failures… even those that have never been colonized or suffered from oppressive colonization. And there are many where such colonization ended years ago (25 years most recent, 38 years, 50 years, 60 years to centuries ago) and who still cling to the brainwashed belief that their current poverty, corruption, bankruptcy, unemployment, crumbling infrastructure, internal strife,tribalism, genocide, xenophobia, wars, coup de’etats, brutal dictators, disease, famine, pestilence and general mediocrity, is entirely the fault of outsiders and historical legacy.
I have yet to hear one country that takes responsibility for its own future and prosperity… and you know what?… the common denominator is a lack of Accountability and Responsibility!
There is a saying… “Mediocrity will always find excuse for failure!”
The world outside Africa is filled with examples where people and countries have risen up from nothing or total devastation to become world leaders and economic role-models. Examples such as Singapore, Israel, Germany, Japan.
Even the best examples in Africa, like Botswana, Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Algeria and Rwanda show moderate to dismal growth compared to their potential and vast mineral and natural resources. When compared to the rest of the world, most of Africa, even 4 of its 5 top performers has nothing to shout about.
South Africa is a prime example of mediocrity (albeit slightly better than the rest). It has the biggest potential, the best infrastructure, most resources and yet its dismal 2% to 3% economic growth is far behind the other 5 countries mentioned above. Its corruption has become alarming.
My choice of the best country in Africa is by far Botswana… and can easily compare to the best in the world. If the rest of Africa could follow Botswana’s peaceful and focused example maybe Africa as a whole could haul itself out of mediocrity and into prosperity. Its interesting to note that Botswana spends the most on education (8% of GDP), it strives for honest, corrupt free governance and focus on excellent health care and entrepreneurship.
Unfortunately, like rest of Africa…politics is raising its ugly head… and I for one wait for Botswana’s next potentially volatile general election (2019) with bated breath.
ANSWER 2;
Waterlogging occurs when roots cannot respire due to excess water in the soil profile. Water does not have to appear on the surface for waterlogging to be a potential problem. Improving drainage from the inundated paddock can decrease the period at which the crop roots are subjected to anaerobic conditions.