Question

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Answer 1

Surat- A gateway to the West

Surat (Gujarat) was the emporium of western trade during the Mughal period. Cambay (present day Khambat) too was like Surat in terms of market hub. Later, Ahmadabad too joined the two cities as an emporium of western trade. Surat was called the gateway for trade with West Asia via the Gulf of Ormuz. It was also called the gate to Mecca because many pilgrim ships set sail from here.
The city was cosmopolitan, i.e. people from all castes and creeds lived here. The Portuguese, Dutch and the English had their warehouses here in the 17th century.


Surat- A closer look: Many retail and wholesale shops sold cotton textiles. The Surat textiles were famous for their gold lace borders called zari and these had a market in West Asia, Africa and Europe. Many rest houses were built by the state to take care of the needs of the people around the globe who came to the city. Many magnificent buildings and pleasure parks were built here. Huge banking houses were run by the Kathiawad seths or mahajans (moneychangers). Even in the distant markets of Cairo (Egypt), Basra in Iraq and Antwerp in Belgium, the Surat hundis were honoured.
The decline of Surat

The following factors are responsible for the decline of Surat in the 17th century:
Loss of markets and productivity because of the decline of the Mughal Empire.
Control of the sea routes by the Portuguese.
Competition from Bombay (Mumbai of the present times) where the East India Company shifted its headquarters in 1668.






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Answer 2

Answer:

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