Question

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Answer 1

At the time of Indian independence in 1947, India was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule, and the other under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal affairs remaining in the hands of their hereditary rulers. The latter included 554 princely states, having different types of revenue sharing arrangements with the British, often depending on their size, population and local conditions.[1] In addition, there were several colonial enclaves controlled by France and Portugal. The political integration of these territories into India was a declared objective of the Indian National Congress, and the Government of India pursued this over the next decade. Through a combination of factors, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and V. P. Menon convinced most of the rulers of the various princely states to accede to India. Having secured their accession, they then proceeded, in a step-by-step process, to secure and extend the central government's authority over these states and transform their administrations until, by 1956, there was little difference between the territories that had been part of British India and those that had been princely states. Simultaneously, the Government of India, through a combination of diplomatic and military means, acquired de facto and de jure control over the remaining colonial enclaves, which too were integrated into India.
Although this process successfully integrated the vast majority of the princely states into India, it was not as successful for a few, notably the former princely states of Jammu and Kashmir, Tripura and Manipur, where active secessionist movements exist.

Answer 2

After the Independence there were around 550 princely states. The princely states were give 'privy-purses' and were asked to join in India or become independent. Many of the people were inspired by the democratic ideals of India and were suffering from the Princely rulers. Hence the people wanted to join India. Sardar Vallabhai Patel was given the incharge of unification. They also mentioned that their army would be sent for the process of unification if they agreed to join India. All of them joined India except Kashmir, Junagadh and Hyderabad. Hyderabad and Junagadh have Muslim rulers and most of the people who lived were Hindus. So they fought against the zamindars and joined India. Kashmir had Hindu rulers and majority of them were Muslims. The people wanted Kashmir to merge with Pakistan. But finally Kashmir also was merged with India. Thus Integration of Princely States was a tough task.