Answer in Brief
1) Explain food components of diet.
2) Explain different reasons of obesity.
Answers
Answer:
1. carbohydrates
proteins
vitamins
minerals
fats
Explanation:
2.due to eating of lots of facts
The 7 components of a balanced diet are Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Fibre and Water. We will go into more detail below.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates play important roles within our body. They are the primary energy source that our brain and muscles use. Approximately 55-60% of our calories should come from carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are energy foods and provide 4 calories per gram. We need carbs not only to support our growth but to also fuel our activity.Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which then circulates in the blood. Excess glucose in the blood is then stored as glycogen either in the liver or the muscles. The glycogen stored in the liver is released to help maintain the glucose levels in the blood. Muscle glycogen is used to provide fuel for the muscles to work. If carbohydrates are consumed in excess of the body’s needs then it is converted to fat and stored in adipocytes (fat tissue). Therefore it’s important that you do not consume excessive amounts of carbs.
Protein is used by our body helps us develop and grow properly. Protein makes up our muscles, organs, skin and hair. Protein is broken down into amino acids. The body is able to make 12 amino acids but we need the remaining 8 (essential amino acids) to ensure good health. Protein is used for building, maintaining and repairing body cells and organs. They also make hormones and enzymes which regulate body functions. Antibodies are also made and other important components of the immune system.
Approximately no more than 35% of our daily calories should come from fat. Fats are a great source of energy: 1g of fat provides 9 calories. Fat protects the internal organs, however, too much fat can be damaging. Fat is also a great insulator and fat stored just below the skin acts to insulate the body from the cold. Females require a minimum level of body fat in order to maintain menstrual function as fat cells secrete and are the store for oestrogen.
Vitamins are complex organic substances found in our food which support almost every system in the body, including the immune system, the brain and the nervous system. Many of them help convert food into energy and help the body to use carbohydrate, fat and protein. They are also involved in regulating growth, making red blood cells and protecting the body from harmful free radicals. Only very small amounts of vitamins and minerals are needed to enable the body to work properly and prevent illness. Vitamins K and D cannot be manufactured by the body and must come from our food.
Minerals are elemental substances and are found in the soil. They are absorbed by plants, which we eat or are eaten by animals – which we then eat. Therefore we can get minerals from both animal and vegetable sources. Minerals have many different roles, including structural roles, such as calcium in bones and teeth or regulator roles such as sodium and potassium in fluid balance and muscle contractions. Minerals do not deteriorate in the same way that vitamins do because they are ‘elemental’ they cannot be easily destroyed by heat, light or air.
High fibre foods contain a good source of vitamins and minerals. It also adds bulk which makes them more filling and satisfying. We should be eating around 18g of fibre every day. To get more fibre into your diet you should always select wholemeal foods rather than refined grains, for example, eat whole grain or whole wheat breakfast cereals. Eat more peas, lentils and beans. Potato skins contain a lot of fibre and brown rice contains more fibre than white rice. You should also ensure that you eat at least two pieces of fruit every day.
Water is one of the most important macronutrients along with carbohydrates, proteins and fats. We can live a little longer without food (around 8 weeks) than we can water (only a few days). A 12% drop in body weight through water is always fatal. Our body is made up of around 65% water, it assists with absorption, digestion, excretion and aids circulation of nutrients around our body.