Question

answer in detail

a) mention any four measures taken by government of the implementation of the directive principle of State policy.

b) what are the directive principle? which part of constitution contains this principle?


c) what steps were taken by Alauddin khilji to prevent Mughal invention?



d) explain the welfare measures introduced by firoz shah tughlaq.



e) explain a short note on "amir khuasur".


f) explain the welfare measures introduced by Sher shah.




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Answer 1

Answer:

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Cause #1: Variations in the Sun's Intensity. ...

Cause #2: Industrial Activity. ...

Cause #3: Agricultural Activity. ...

Cause #4: Deforestation

Answer 2

Question-

Answer in detail-

a) mention any four measures taken by the government of the implementation of the directive principle of State policy.

b) What is the directive principle? Which part of the constitution contains this principle?

c) What steps were taken by Alauddin khilji to prevent Mughal invention?

d) Explain the welfare measures introduced by Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

e) Explain a short note on "amir khuasur".

f) Explain the welfare measures introduced by Sher Shah.

Answer-

a) Two measures taken by the government of India towards the implementation of the directive principles of state policy are mentioned below -

1) Law has been enforced to implement the Directive in Article no. 40 to organise village panchayats and bestow them the power of self-governance.

2) As per Article no. 45, primary education has been made compulsory in most of the States and Union Territo­ries of India.

3) To provide free and compulsory education to children of age 14 in all government and government-aided school

4) Five-Year Plans to focus on the progress of the weaker section of the society.

b) Part IV of the Constitution of India (Article 36–51) contains the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).

c) Ala-ud-Din followed the measures mentioned below to check the Mongol invasions:

1. Old forts were repaired and experienced troops under the charge of capable officers were posted.
2. New forts were built and put under the charge of seasoned officers and well-trained soldiers.
3. Armament factories were set up and skilled engineers and technicians were appointed.
4. A permanent and separate army was prepared for the defence of the North-West Frontier.
5. A special governor was appointed for the North-West Frontier.
6. In the frontier areas of Dipalpur, Samana and Multan, separate armies were stationed.
7. The army was re-organised and its striking power enhanced.
8. Experienced generals like Zafar Khan, Ghazi Malik and Malik Kafur have been entrusted the responsibility of defending the border.

d) Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq made teg following welfare measures during his tenure:

• He did not re-conquer the factional areas that had broken away from his territories

• He did not conquer additional areas apart from what he had inherited.
• He made positions for nobles, jagirs, and those in the army capable of being inherited by their sons or sons-in-laws

• The salaries of the nobles were raised

• Land taxes were lowered

• No harsh punishments were given to the convicts

• He built many rest houses, tombs, gardens and madrasas  

• Built over three hundred villages and five canals to help in expanding land under cultivation

e) Amir Khusrau was a prolific classical poet associated with the royal courts of more than seven rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. He wrote many playful riddles, songs and legends which have become a part of popular culture in South Asia. His riddles are one of the most popular forms of Hindavi poetry today.

f) During his seven-year rule from 1538 to 1545, he set up a new economic and military administration, issued the first Rupiya from "Taka" and re-organised the postal system of the Indian Subcontinent. Some of his strategies and contributions were later idolized by the Mughal emperors, most notably Akbar. Suri further developed Humayun's Dina-panah city and named it Shergarh and revived the historical city of Pataliputra, which had been in decline since the 7th century CE, as Patna. He extended the Grand Trunk Road from Chittagong in the frontiers of the province of Bengal in northeast India to Kabul in Afghanistan in the far northwest of the country. The influence of his innovations and reforms extended far beyond his brief reign; his arch-foe, Humayun, referred to him as “Ustad-I-Badshahan”, teacher of kings.