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Answers
Like all other parts of our body, the heart also requires a good supply of oxygen to perform well. The coronary arteries fulfil this need and supply oxygen to the heart. Due to unhealthy dietary habits and lifestyle, fatty deposits or plaque develop on the walls of the coronary arteries. Such plaque buildup can turn into blockages over time without appropriate lifestyle changes. Any blockage in the artery prevents blood from reaching parts of the heart muscle. This causes cardiac ischemia, a condition where a portion of the heart is deprived of oxygen. When cardiac ischemia is not noticed or treated for too long, the heart tissues begin to die and cause a heart attack. A heart attack is also called myocardial infarction.
2.WHAT CAUSES A HEART ATTACK?
A heart attack is caused due to damaged coronary arteries in the heart. Coronary arteries get blocked due to several reasons, and this leads to a lack of oxygen supply in the heart. This condition is known as coronary artery disease, which is the main cause of most heart attacks.
In other cases, a heart attack occurs when the plaque formed in the heart ruptures to allow cholesterol and other substances into the bloodstream. During the rupture, a blood clot blocks the oxygenated blood supply to the heart. In rare cases, a heart attack is caused by a blood vessel spasm.
3.EARLY SYMPTOMS OF HEART ATTACK
Early symptoms of heart attack
Symptoms of a heart attack vary from one person to another. The symptoms depend on the severity of the disease. Few patients do experience these symptoms clearly, which allows them to seek medical help immediately; however, some of them get a sudden cardiac arrest with no symptoms .
Severe or mild chest pain which involves pressure and tightness. This feeling may extend to arms, neck, jaws and areas at the back.
A feeling of nausea, heartburn, indigestion and abdominal pain
Cold sweat
Tiredness
Sudden dizziness and lightheadedness
Shortness of breath
4.ARE YOU AT RISK?
There are several risk factors involved in a heart attack. Some of the risk factors cannot be controlled or modified such as-
Gender - Men are more prone to heart diseases and heart attacks when compared to women.
Family History - A genetic heart disease passed on by ancestors that cannot be controlled or modified can cause a heart attack.
Age - Individuals above the age of 65 are at greater risk to have a heart attack.
Few risk factors that can be controlled are -
Smoking - Long term exposure to tobacco smoke can cause heart disease.
Obesity - Overweight can cause serious health hazards due to high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, high blood pressure and diabetes. By exercising regularly to reduce weight can lower the risk of a heart attack.
Stress - Increased stress develops unwanted pressure on the heart that increases the chances of cardiac arrest.
High blood pressure - If you are suffering from high blood pressure, it is important to monitor it frequently and keep it under control through proper medications.
Diabetes - Increase of blood sugar level and an insufficient supply of insulin can damage several organs in the body, including the heart.
Diet - It is important to eat a balanced diet every day, which includes fresh fruits and vegetables. Excessive intake of oily food leads to heart diseases.
Alcoholic - Excessive intake of alcohol is a risk factor for heart attack.