Question

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Answer 1

Hey mate,

Plastics are an environmental hazard because :-

• They are often consumed by animals like cows and dogs on the land and fishes and turtles in the water, which cause a lot of harm to them and very often results in death of the organism.
• They take a lot of time to get decomposed, may be thousand of years. Due to this they cause soil erosion and land pollution.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Hey mate hear ur answer

Plastics are more hazardous things in today's world because of various reasons major is health risks as :

As plastic breaks into smaller pieces, it is more likely to infiltrate food webs2. In laboratory and field studies, fish, invertebrates and microorganisms ingest micrometer-sized particles2, which also come from synthetic (polyester or acrylic) clothing6 and cleaning products containing plastics. More research is needed to investigate the effects of organisms ingesting debris in the wild. Nevertheless, studies in humans7 and mussels2 have found that ingested and inhaled microplastic gets into cells and tissues where it can cause harm. (In patients who have had their knee or hip joints replaced with plastic implants, such particles can disrupt cellular processes and degrade tissues.)

Plastics are made up of repeating units called monomers that bind together to form long chains, or polymers. These chains are generally thought to be chemically inert, yet unreacted monomers and other harmful ingredients can be found in plastics3,4. According to a hazard-ranking model based on the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, the chemical ingredients of more than 50% of plastics are hazardous3. Studies investigating, for instance, the transfer of additives in polyvinylchloride (PVC) from medical supplies to humans indicate that these chemicals can accumulate in the blood8. In laboratory tests, monomers and other ingredients of PVC, polystyrene, polyurethane and polycarbonate can be carcinogenic and can affect organisms in a similar way to the hormone oestrogen

The monomers making up some plastics, such as polyethylene (used to make carrier bags), are thought to be more benign. Yet these materials can still become toxic by picking up other pollutants4,5. Pesticides and organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls are consistently found on plastic waste at harmful concentrations 100 times those found in sediments and 1 million times those occurring in sea water4. Many of these are 'priority pollutants': chemicals that are regulated by government agencies, including the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), because of their toxicity or persistence in organisms and food webs. These chemicals can disrupt key physiological processes, such as cell division and immunity, causing disease or reducing organisms' ability to escape from predators or reproduce.

In an analysis (unpublished results), we found that at least 78% of priority pollutants listed by the EPA and 61% listed by the European Union are associated with plastic debris. Some are ingredients of plastic, and others are absorbed from the environment. Preliminary evidence indicates that priority pollutants can enter the tissues of species after they eat debris4,10. Seabirds that have consumed plastic waste have polychlorinated biphenyls in their tissues at 300% greater concentrations than in those that have not eaten plastic..

Plastic debris can physically harm wildlife1,2. Moreover, many plastics may be chemically harmful in some contexts — either because they are themselves potentially toxic3 or because they absorb other pollutants4,5. Yet in the United States, Europe, Australia and Japan, plastics are classified as solid waste — so are treated in the same way as food scraps or grass clippings.

We believe that if countries classified the most harmful plastics as hazardous, their environmental agencies would have the power to restore affected habitats and prevent more dangerous debris from accumulating. Ultimately, such a move could boost research on new polymers and replace the most problematic materials with safer ones.

It is now almost impossible to walk in the countryside or on a beach without encountering bits of plastic. Larger pieces, from bottles and bags to floating pontoons, can transport species to new habitats where they might do damage. Such debris can kill or injure ecologically and commercially important species, including mussels, salt-marsh grasses and corals1,2. Mammals, reptiles and birds can also be harmed through eating plastic or becoming entangled in it. Last year, the secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Montreal, Canada, reported that all sea turtle species, 45% of marine mammal species and 21% of seabird species can be harmed in this way.

Explanation:

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