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Que. Long answer type questions.
1. Who was the first scientist to have discovered microorganisms and how?
2. What are decomposers and in what way they serve us?
3. How do we save milk from spoilage?
4. How does modern process of pasteurisation differ from the one given by Pasteur?
5. What are Bacteriophages? How do they help in keeping water clean?
Answers
Answer:
1) ans : The existence of microscopic organisms was discovered during the period 1665–83 by two Fellows of The Royal Society, Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. In Micrographia (1665), Hooke presented the first published depiction of a microrganism, the microfungus Mucor.The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation.
2) ans : Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, they carry out decomposition, a process possible by only certain kingdoms, such as fungi.
They perform a valuable service as Earth's cleanup crew. Without decomposers, dead leaves, dead insects, and dead animals would pile up everywhere. Imagine what the world would look like! More importantly, decomposers make vital nutrients available to an ecosystem's primary producers—usually plants and algae.
3) ans : Freezing milk is the best way to store milk for a long time. Milk should be store stored between 32 degrees Fahrenheit and 39 degrees Fahrenheit, to avoid spoilage.
4) ans : The process of pasteurization was named after Louis Pasteur who discovered that spoilage organisms could be inactivated in wine by applying heat at temperatures below its boiling point. The process was later applied to milk and remains the most important operation in the processing of milk.
5) ans : A bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects bacteria. In fact, the word "bacteriophage" literally means "bacteria eater," because bacteriophages destroy their host cells. Eventually, new bacteriophages assemble and burst out of the bacterium in a process called lysis.
It is believed that water in the River remains fresh because of the phagocytes in it that eats away the bacteria and kill the pathogenic germs which are the cause of pollution of water.
Answer:
1.Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek FRS was a Dutch businessman and scientist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology. A largely self-taught man in science, he is commonly known as "the Father of Microbiology", and one of the first microscopists and microbiologists