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1.The type of chromosomes based on the position of centromere are of the following four types :
Metacentric chromosome: centromere in middle forming two equal arms.
Sub-metacentric chromosome: centromere placed near to one end resulting in one shorter and one long arm.
Acrocentric chromosome: Centromere placed close to one end forming one extreme short and one extreme long arm.
Telocentric chromosome: terminally placed centromere.
2.Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the way genetic information is stored within cells and allows the transmission of information from one generation to the next. There are four main types of chromosomes: metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric.
Metacentric Chromosomes
Metacentric chromosomes have the centromere in the center, such that both sections are of equal length. Human chromosome 1 and 3 are metacentric.
Submetacentric Chromosomes
Submetacentric chromosomes have the centromere slightly offset from the center leading to a slight asymmetry in the length of the two sections. Human chromosomes 4 through 12 are submetacentric.
Acrocentric Chromosomes
Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section. Human chromosomes 13,15, 21, and 22 are acrocentric.
Telocentric Chromosomes
Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere at the very end of the chromosome. Humans do not possess telocentric chromosomes but they are found in other species such as mice.
3.Mendel's Law of Segregation states individuals possess two alleles and a parent passes only one allele to his/her offspring. Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states the inheritance of one pair of factors ( genes ) is independent of the inheritance of the other pair.
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