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Answer:
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Explanation:
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Answer:
(a) The alimentary canal is a muscular hollow continuous tubular organ that starts at the mouth and terminates at the anus and is responsible for the digestion and absorption of the ingested food and liquids. The alimentary canal or alimentary tract is part of the digestive (gastrointestinal) system.
The main function of the organs of the alimentary canal is to nourish the body. This tube begins at the mouth and terminates at the anus. Between those two points, the canal is modified as the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines to fit the functional needs of the body.
The alimentary tract of the digestive system is composed of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anus. Associated with the alimentary tract are the following accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Explanation:
(a) Mouth
The mouth is the first part of our digestive system. Food is ingested through the mouth.
Oral cavity
The oral cavity comprises the palate, tongue and teeth.
Palate – The roof of the oral cavity.
Tongue – Muscular and glandular structure attached to the base of the oral cavity. The upper surface of the tongue has tiny projections known as lingual papillae. Lingual papillae are of three types: circumvallate, fungiform and filiform.
Pharynx
It is the common passage for food and air. Epiglottis prevents the entry of food into the windpipe.
Oesophagus
It is a muscular tube through which small bolus of food passes from the mouth to the stomach. The gastro-oesophageal sphincter controls the movement of food into the stomach.
Stomach
It is a muscular bag, positioned at the upper left part of the abdominal cavity. It has four parts- cardiac, fundus, body and pyloric portion.
Cardiac part– It is present close to the heart. The opening of the oesophagus to the stomach is regulated by the gastro-oesophageal sphincter.
Fundus– It is dome-shaped and is usually filled with air.
Body– This is the main part of the stomach.
Pyloric- It opens in the first part of the small intestine, duodenum. The opening of the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the pyloric sphincter.
Small Intestine
It is the longest part of the alimentary canal and comprises three parts- Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum.
Duodenum– It is C- shaped. The pancreatic, bile and hepatic secretions are added to the food by hepatopancreatic duct.
Jejunum– Middle part of the small intestine.
Ileum– It is highly coiled and opens into the large intestine.
Large Intestine
The small intestine leads into the large intestine. It has three parts- Caecum, Colon, and Rectum.
Caecum– It is a small sac-like structure containing symbiotic microorganisms. The vermiform appendix (vestigial organ) is attached to it.
Colon– It is divided into four regions- ascending, transverse, sigmoid and descending.
Rectum– It opens into the anus.
(B)The presence of starch in leaves can be tested by the Iodine test. When we remove chlorophyll from the leaf by boiling it in alcohol and then put two drops of iodine solution, it is colour change to blue indicates the presence of starch.
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