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1. Defects of Rutherford's model of atom: i) Electron rotating around the nucleus is only a suggestion without any experimental proof. ii) A rotating electron normally will spend its energy and ultimately should fall into the nucleus.
2. Pauli's Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in the same atom can have identical values for all four of their quantum numbers. In other words, (1) no more than two electrons can occupy the same orbital and (2) two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins (Figure 46(i) and (ii)).
3. As we know that the Fourth shell has 4 subshell. Hence the total number of orbitals is 16 .
4. each of the actual or potential patterns of electron density which may be formed in an atom or molecule by one or more electrons, and can be represented as a wave function.
5. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is a key principle in quantum mechanics. Very roughly, it states that if we know everything about where a particle is located (the uncertainty of position is small), we know nothing about its momentum (the uncertainty of momentum is large), and vice versa.