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Answer:
1) There is no direct election for the Indian President. The appointed electoral college elects him. The electoral college responsible for President’s elections comprises elected members of:
- Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
- Legislative Assemblies of the states (Legislative Councils have no role)
- Legislative Assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry
2) Currently, six languages enjoy the 'Classical' status: Tamil (declared in 2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
3) Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law of a sovereign state as a member of or belonging to the state. Each state is free to determine the conditions under which it will recognize persons as its citizens, and the conditions under which that status will be withdrawn.
4) Appellate jurisdiction of the High Court means that the High Court has the power to accept appeals against the decisions of District Courts, in civil as well as criminal matters.
5) A Money Bill refers to a draft law introduced in Lok Sabha. The Bill deals with issues such as receipt and spending of money, such as tax laws, laws governing borrowing and expenditure of the government, prevention of black money etc. Instead of being a separate Bill in itself, a money bill is more like a category.
II) Answer in detail :-
1) Powers of Prime Minister
Prime Minister of India serves the country by performing various functions. He performs his functions taking responsibilities that are listed below .
- The leader of Country: The Prime Minister of India is the Chief Head of the Government of India.
- Portfolio allocation: The Prime Minister has the authority to assign respective portfolios to the Ministers.
- Chairman of the Cabinet: The Prime Minister is the chairman of the cabinet and conducts the meetings of the Cabinet. He can impose his decision if there is a crucial opinion difference and conflict among the members.
- Official Representative of the country: Prime minister represents the country for high-level international meetings and he is the ambassador of the country.
- The link between the President and the Cabinet: The Prime Minister acts as the link and bond between the President and cabinet. He communicates and transmits all decisions of the Cabinet to the President which is related to the administration of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation.
- Head: The Prime Minister is the head of many organisation and programs like Nuclear Command Authority, NITI Aayog, Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Space and Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
- Chief Advisor: He also plays the role of chief advisor to the President .
2) Legislative powers
The state head summons the sessions of both houses of the state legislature and prorogues them. ... A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a money bill, for reconsideration.
3) The governor appoints and swears in the chief minister, whose Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Based on the Westminster system, given that he retains the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term can last for the length of the assembly's life—a maximum of five years.
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