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Some limitations of the octet rule are: It cannot be applied to the nonmetals after silicon in the Periodic Table . These elements can “expand their octet” and have more than eight valence electrons around the central atom. Molecules with an odd number of electrons such as NO and NO₂ cannot satisfy the octet rule.
“Expanded octet” refers to the Lewis structures where the central atom ends up with more than an octet, such as in PCl5 or XeF4. In drawing the Lewis structure for PCl5 , there is a total of 40 valence electrons to put in (5 + 5x7 = 40)
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