Answer question numbers 3.1–3.4 on the basis of your understanding of the following paragraph and the related studied concepts.
Sneha visited Egypt with her parents where she went on a tour of the Sahara desert. She didn’t know that plants can grow also in the desert. She went and tore a leaf from one plant but they were very thick. When
she was finally able to tear one small part, she found that the inside of the leaf was fresh and watery.
3.1 Why are the leaves of plants that grow in desert thick?
3.2 What is the name of this coating and what is its function?
3.3 Define transpiration.
3.4 What will happen if waxy coating is not present on the epidermis of the leaves of these plants?
Answers
Explanation:
Transpiration: The release of water from plant leaves
Plants put down roots into the soil to draw water and nutrients up into the stems and leaves. Some of this water is returned to the air by transpiration.
Answer:
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Explanation:
3.1 The leaves and stems of many desert plants have a thick, waxy covering. This waxy substance does not cover the stomata, but it covers most of the leaves, keeping the plants cooler and reducing evaporative loss. Small leaves on desert plants also help reduce moisture loss during transpiration.
3.2 A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, usually referred to as the substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. The coating itself may be an all-over coating, completely covering the substrate, or it may only cover parts of the substrate. An example of all of these types of coating is a product label on many drinks bottles — one side has an all-over functional coating (the adhesive) and the other side has one or more decorative coatings in an appropriate pattern (the printing) to form the words and images.
3.3 Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. The remaining 97–99.5% is lost by transpiration and guttation.[1] Leaf surfaces are dotted with pores called stomata (singular "stoma"), and in most plants they are more numerous on the undersides of the foliage. The stomata are bordered by guard cells and their stomatal accessory cells (together known as stomatal complex) that open and close the pore.[2] Transpiration occurs through the stomatal apertures, and can be thought of as a necessary "cost" associated with the opening of the stomata to allow the diffusion of carbon dioxide gas from the air for photosynthesis. Transpiration also cools plants, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients and water from roots to shoots. Two major factors influence the rate of water flow from the soil to the roots: the hydraulic conductivity of the soil and the magnitude of the pressure gradient through the soil. Both of these factors influence the rate of bulk flow of water moving from the roots to the stomatal pores in the leaves via the xylem.
3.4A cuticle is the waxy layer present on the epidermis of a young stem which generally curtails the water loss by transpiration.
Phellem (the cork) consists of cells that are dead at maturity and their primary walls become covered from the inside by the secondary wall which consists of parallel suberin lamellae alternating with wax layers.
The periderm is the secondary protective (dermal) tissue that replaces the epidermis during growth in thickness of stems and roots of gymnosperms and dicotyledons. Suberin is a waterproofing waxy substance found in higher plants. Suberin is a main constituent of cork and is named after the cork oak, Quercus suber. Its main function is as a barrier to movement of water and solutes.
Thus, the correct answer is option D