Question

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:- 
1. Describe the irrigation system of Chola Kingdom.
2. What was the role of temples during Chola kingdom?
3. Trace out the emergence of the new class of rulers.
4. What was ‘tripartite struggle’?
5. Who wrote Kitab al-Hind?
6. Give an account of the administration of the Chola Empire.
7. Which new dynasties emerged after the 7TH century in Subcontinent?
8. How were Brahmanas rewarded?​

Answer 1

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1.Agriculture and Irrigation

In the delta region embankments were built to prevent flooding and canals were constrcuted to carry water to the fields. Artificial irrigation took place with the construction of wells and water tanks.

2.Temples were the nuclei of settlements during this period. They were the centres of craft production and also controlled the financial aspects related to them. Hence they were not only the religious centres but also the hub of economic, social and cultural life as well.

3.During the seventh century, a new class of rulers emerged. They were the subordinates or samantas under the influence of big landlords or warriors. Later they themselves gained power and wealth and declared themselves to be maha- samantas, maha-mandaleshvara (the great lord of a circle or region).

4.constant rivalry between the Palas, the Gurjara-Pratiharas and the Rashtrakutas has been termed the Tripartite Struggle or the struggle between three major powers. One of the major causes of this continuous struggle was the desire to possess the city of Kannauj, which was then a symbol of sovereignty.

5.Al beruni wrote khitab al-hind

6.The Chola Empire was divided into nine provinces, called “Mandalams” which was further divided into a number of districts, or zillas, known as “Valanadus”. Each Valanadu was divided into a number of villages, called Nadus. ... The Chola kings often gave land grants or Brahmadeya to Brahmins.

7.Many dynasties emerged after the 7th century including the Rashtrakutas, the Gurjara-Pratiharas, the Cholas, the Palas, the Chahamanas, the Chalukyas, the Delhi Sultanate, the Vijayanagara Empire, the Mughals, the Marathas, the Sikh empire.

8.Kings often rewarded the Brahmanas by giving them grants of land. These grants were recorded on copper plates which were given to those who received the land.