Answer the following questions:
1. Describe the storming of the prison Bastille in France.
2. Describe the political, social and economic condition of France during the 18th century.
3. What was the ‘subsistence crisis’ in France? How did it arise?
4. What role did philosophers play in bringing about the French Revolution? 5. Examine the factors that led to the French Revolution.
6. Examine the incidents preceding the outbreak of the French Revolution. What were the immediate results of the outbreak of the French Revolution?
7. How did France Become a Constitutional Monarchy?
8. How did France become a Republic?
9. What were the measures taken by Robespierre’s government in bringing equality in French society?
10. What role did women play during the revolutionary years in France? What were the measures taken by the revolutionary government to improve the status of women in France?
11. What was the position of France on slavery in the 18th and 19th centuries?
12. What changes did the revolution of 1789 bring in the everyday life of the people in France?
13. Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
14. Explain the role of Napoleon as an emperor of France. What are his contributions?
Answers
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Answer:
1.state prison on the east side of Paris, known as the Bastille, was attacked by an angry and aggressive mob. The prison had become a symbol of the monarchy's dictatorial rule, and the event became one of the defining moments in the Revolution that followed.
2.The social conditions in France in late 18th century were extremely unequal and exploitative. ... They were burdened with excessive taxes with no political and social rights. As a result, they were extremely discontent. Economic - As a result of a numerous wars waged by Louis XVI the State coffers were empty.
3.The reasons that led to subsistence crisis are (i) The population of France rose from about 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789 which led to a rapid increase in the demand for food grains. (ii) Production of grains could not keep pace with the increasing demand.
4.The philosophers played an important role in the French Revolution. They inspired the common mass of France with their revolutionary ideas and prepared them to fight against injustices.
6.As the 18th century drew to a close, France’s costly involvement in the American Revolution, and extravagant spending by King Louis XVI and his predecessor, had left the country on the brink of bankruptcy.
Not only were the royal coffers depleted, but two decades of poor harvests, drought, cattle disease and skyrocketing bread prices had kindled unrest among peasants and the urban poor. Many expressed their desperation and resentment toward a regime that imposed heavy taxes – yet failed to provide any relief – by rioting, looting and striking.
7.monarchy after the National Assembly completed the draft of the constitution in 1791 with the objective of reducing the powers of the monarch. Powers were separated and assigned to different institutions like the legislature, executive and judiciary
8.After the French Revolution of 1789, the powers of the king were reduced and France became a constituional monarchy. Because the powers of King Louis XVI were reduced, he asked for help from the Prussian and Austrian monarchies. ... Monarchy was abolished and France became a republic
9.To ensure equality in the society, Robespierre took following measures : (i) Issued laws placing maximum ceiling on wages and prices. (ii) Meat and bread were rationed. (iii) Peasants were forced to sell grains at fixed prices.
10.In the beginning, the revolutionary government introduced some laws to improve the status of women in society. These were (i) Schooling was made compulsory for all girls. (ii)Their fathers could no longer force them into marriage against their will.
11.In the 18th and 19th centuries, France was among the major European slave-trading nations, capturing and selling an estimated 1.4 million people before leaders outlawed slavery in 1848.
12 .After the Revolution of 1789 in France, censorship abolished. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proclaimed freedom of speech and expression to be a natural right. Newspapers, pamphlets, books and printed pictures flooded the towns of France from where they travelled rapidly into the countryside.
13.The ideas of liberty and democratic rights were the most important legacy of the French Revolution. These spread from France to the rest of Europe during the nineteenth century, where feudal systems were abolished. It inspired the Germans, Italians, and Austrians to overthrow their oppressive regimes.
14.Shrewd, ambitious and a skilled military strategist, Napoleon successfully waged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded his empire. ... When he returned to the chaos of France, Napoleon led a coup and became the leader of France, eventually being elected by popular vote.