Answer the following questions (1 mark questions)
1. When did the French Revolution began ?
2. Who was the ruler of France during the Revolution?
3. Which section of the French Society paid most of the taxes before the Revolution ?
4. What was Tithes ?
5. What was Taille?
6. What is meant by Subsistence Crisis ?
Answer of the following questions carries 3 marks and have to be answered in about 80 words
7. "The storming of the Bastille marked the beginning of the French Revolution". Explain.
8. List the factors which contributed to the financial crisis faced by France during the rule of Louis XVI
9. Describe the French division of society with the help of diagram.
10. Describe the contribution of the following French philosophers in the outbreak of the revolution of 1789:
a) John Locke
b) Jean Jacques Rousseau
c) Montesquieu
Tell answer of all
Answers
Answer:
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1.5th May 1789
2.Louis XVI
3.Section of people of French Society that paid most of the taxes before the revolution- Third estate population or section of the French society paid the majority of the taxes to the administration. Peasants, labourers, servants, and workers were the class of people who paid the largest part of the taxes of the French society.
4.A tithe is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash, cheques, or stocks, whereas historically tithes were required and paid in kind, such as agricultural products.
5.Taille, the most important direct tax of the pre-Revolutionary monarchy in France. Its unequal distribution, with clergy and nobles exempt, made it one of the hated institutions of the ancien régime.
6.A subsistence crisis is a crisis caused by economic factors (generally high food prices), which in turn may be caused by either natural or man-made factors, which threatens the food supplies and the survival prospects of large numbers of people (it is considered famine if it is extremely severe and large numbers of lives are lost).
7.The Storming of the Bastille set off a series of events that led to the overthrow of King Louis XVI and the French Revolution. The success of the revolutionaries gave commoners throughout France the courage to rise up and fight against the nobles who had ruled them for so long.
8.(i) Long years of wars and French involvement with the American War of Independence drained the financial resources.
(ii) The burden of interest payments on state loans increased the debt.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
(iii) Luxurious living of Louis XVI and the extravagant court.
(iv) The faulty system of taxation itself was a cause of the economic crisis. The privileged classes were exempted from state dues while the unprivileged with scarce resources were burdened with heavy taxes.
9.The French Society was divided into 3 divisions that were Clergy, Nobility and 3rd estate.
1. Clergy consisted of the high priests and they did not have to pay taxes.
2. Nobility consisted of the king and the and the peole who were very rich and wealthy and even they dont have to pay taxes.
3. The 3rd estate consisted of peasants, farmers, lawyers, some middle class minsters, etc and they all had to pay taxes.
10.
John Locke : John Locke was another great philosopher. In his book "Two Treatises of Government" he sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch.
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) : Rousseau is regarded as the architect of the French Revolution. He gave the slogan "Man was born free yet he is everywhere in chains". In the famous book, "The Social Contract" , he proved that the government was the result of a social contract between the people on the one hand and ruler on the other. So if the ruler did not fulfill the contract, the people had the right to withdraw their loyalty to him and bring down the ruler by revolting
Montesquieu (1689-1775) : A nobleman by birth, he became a lawyer and a judge. In his book, "The Spirit of Laws", he criticised autocracy and praised the democratic republic.
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