Answer the following questions.
1.
Mention the difficulties faced by Humayun after coming to the throne.
2. Compare the religious policy of Akbar with that of Aurangzeb.
3
Describe Shah Jahan's Deccan policy.
4.
Describe the uniform system of administration established by the Mughals.
5.
List any five factors responsible for the decline of the Mughal empire.
Answers
Answer:
1.When Humayun ascended the throne in 1530 A.D., he inherited many difficulties from his father Babur. They were: He had to face political instability because the vast empire was not consolidated. Empty treasure: The treasury was empty because collection of land revenue was not done in a systematic manner.
2.Akbar was tolerant towards all religion but aurangzeb was not. akbar abolished jizya tax but aurangzeb imposed it.
3.Under Shah Jahan, the Deccan policy of the Mughals entered a new phase. He annexed Ahmadnagar and Daulatabad. He forced the rulers of Bijapur and Golconda to accept his superemecy. In 1636, Shah Jahan retired to agra and appointed Aurangzeb as the Governor of Deccan.
4.The mughal empire was divided into "Subas" which were further subdivided into "Sarkar","Pargana", and "Gram". There were 15 Subas (provinces) durng Akbar's reigns, which later increased to 20 under the Auranzeb's reign. The Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system. The term "Mansab" indicates the rank of the holder.
5. The causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire can be grouped under the following heads: a) deterioration of land relations; b) emergence of regional powers as successor states; c) selfish struggle of nobles at the court; d) lack of initiative in modern weapons; e) lack of control over the.