Answer the following questions.
a) What are fundamental particles? Write their features.
b) What are the main characteristics of atoms suggested by John Dalton?
c) What is meant by zero valency and variable valency? Give two examples of each.
Answers
Answer:
1- Fundamental particles (also called elementary particles) are the smallest building blocks of the universe. The key characteristic of fundamental particles is that they have no internal structure. In other words, they are not made up of anything else. ... Particles that make up all matter, called fermions.
2 - A theory of chemical combination, first stated by John Dalton in 1803. It involves the following postulates: (1) Elements consist of indivisible small particles (atoms). (2) All atoms of the same element are identical; different elements have different types of atom. (3) Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed.
3- Valency is defined as the combining capacity of an element. For example, the valency of Hydrogen is 1 as it has one electron in its outermost shell and requires one electron to become stable.
Some elements differ in their capacity to combine with other elements depending on the nature of the reaction; this property is called variable valency. For example, Iron (Fe) can have a valency of both 2 and 3.
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