Answer:
[tex]\huge{\underline{\boxed{\bf{Solution}}}}Solution
(i) \red{\textsf{Water is a renewable resource}}Water is a renewable resource as it is renewed by water cycle itself, where three processes take place as evaporation, condensation and precipitation. This process of water cycle is never ending and hence, water is a renewable resource. The water then runs into rivers and dams where it is used and the waste is partially cleaned before it makes its route to the sea, where the cycle begins again. Freshwater is mainly obtained from surface runoff and groundwater that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle.
(ii) \pink{\textsf{Water scarcity or water stress}}Water scarcity or water stress occurs when water availability is not enough to match the demand for water. It is caused by an increase in population, growing demand for water, urbanisation, industrialisation, wastage injudicious use and unequal access to it. A large population requires more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food. The ever increasing number of industries has made matters worse by exerting pressure on existing fresh water resources. Fragile water resources are being over-exploited and have been depleted in cities. Water scarcity may also be due to the bad quality of water. Lately there has been a growing concern that even if there is ample water to meet the needs of the people, much of it may be polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus, making it hazardous for human use.
(iii) \purple{\textsf{Multipurpose river}}Multipurpose river projects help in irrigation, electricity production, flood control, the supply of water for domestic and industrial use, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding. It integrates development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialization and growth of the urban economy. However, the reservoirs destroy local flora and fauna. Dams fragment the river thus making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate and for spawning. Many native villages are submerged, and people lose their livelihood, with little or no hope of rehabilitation. The dams that were constructed to control floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. It was also observed that the multi-purpose projects induced earthquakes, caused waterborne diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive use of water.