Question

(Answer the following questions in brief.)

1) Explain the factors responsible for the depletion of water table.

2) Explain the role of forest in maintaining the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere.

3) What are decomposers? Name any two of them. What do they do in the forest?

4) What is sludge? Explain how it is treated.

5) Explain how forests prevent floods.

6) Explain how groundwater is recharged?​

Answer 1

Answer:

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1. Explain the factors responsible for the depletion of water table.

2. Explain the role of forest in maintaining the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

3. What are decomposers? Name any two of them. What do they do in the forest?

4. What is sludge? Explain how it is treated.

5. Explain how forests prevent floods.

6. Explain how groundwater is recharged?

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1. The factor responsible for the depletion of water table:-

• Increasing industries: The higher the number of industries will require more water for their daily use, which will affect groundwater.
• Increasing population: The higher the number of individuals, the higher the need for daily use, which will lead to a decrease in the groundwater.
• Agricultural activities: In a way, an increasing number of agricultural fields will help the population but more number of the fields will lead to more irrigation systems.

2. The green plants and trees present in the forest utilize carbon dioxide from the environment during the process of photosynthesis and release oxygen in the atmosphere. This oxygen is inhaled by the animals during respiration. Animals release carbon-dioxide during respiration which is absorbed by plants. In this way the oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle goes on. Since forests contain a large number of plants and trees, they help in maintaining the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

3. The micro-organisms which convert the dead plants and animals to humus are known as decomposers. Examples: Fungi and Bacteria. Decomposers recycle and convert the dead matter into humus which mixes with forest soil and provides necessary nutrients to plants.

The Names of the two decomposers are bacteria and fungi.

Decomposers are the garbage men of the animal kingdom they take all the dead animals and plants (consumers and decomposers) and break them down into their nutrient components so that plants can use them to make more food. Decomposers in the forest come in many different shapes and sizes.

4. Sewage sludge is the residual, semi-solid material that is produced as a by-product during sewage treatment of industrial or municipal wastewater.

Sludge can be treated bye the following steps:-

• Sludge Thickening
• Sludge Digestion
• Dewatering
• Disposal

5. Forest is a natural absorber of rain water. It allows rain water to seep through. The roots of the trees absorb the water and prevent it from flowing away. The trees present in the forest prevents the rain from directly hitting the ground which may result in floods. It rather hits the ground slowly. Hence, trees in the forest slow down the movement of running water and thus help in preventing floods.

6. Recharging of groundwater takes place by the rainwater and water present in the water source like river and ponds. The water tends to seep through the soil and fill the empty spaces and cracks below the ground. That's how groundwater gets recharged.

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Answer 2

2) Animals release carbon-dioxide during respiration which is absorbed by plants. In this way the oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle goes on. Since forests contain a large number of plants and trees, they help in maintaining the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.