Answer the following questions in brief.
1. What are minerals?
2. What are the main types of minerals?
3. Where are oil fields found in India?
4. What is the use of petroleum products?
5. Give one method to conserve mineral resources.
Answers
1. A mineral is a naturally occurring crystalline solid that cannot be physically broken down into smaller components. Deposits of mineralsform when a medium that contains and transports mineral-making ore releases and deposits the ore. Magma is one such medium that transports ores.
2.Native elements. eg. Gold, Silver, Mercury, graphite, diamond.
Oxides. eg corundum (incl. sapphire), hematite, spinel.
Hydroxides. eg. Goethite, brucite.
Sulfides. eg. Pyrite, galena, sphalerite.
Sulfates. eg. Baryte, gypsum.
Carbonates. eg. Calcite, magnesite, dolomite.
Phosphates. eg. Apatite, monazite.
Halides. eg. Fluorite, halite (rock salt).
Silicates (most common)
Orthosilicates. eg. Garnet, olivine.
Ring silicates. eg. Tourmaline, beryl.
Chain silicates. eg. Pyroxenes, amphiboles.
Sheet silicates. eg. Muscovite mica, biotite mica, clay minerals
Framework silicates. eg. Quartz, feldspars, zeolites
3. Oil production in India comes primarily from three onshore states, Assam, Gujarat and Rajasthan, which together account for more than 96 per cent ofoil from onshore fields, and from the aged offshore Mumbai High Field.
4. Petroleum products include transportation fuels, fuel oils for heating and electricity generation, asphalt and road oil, and feedstocks for making the chemicals, plastics, and synthetic materials that are in nearly everything we use.
5. Measures to conserve minerals resources are as follows:
Use ofminerals in a planned and sustainable manner, recycling of metals. Use of alternative renewable substitutes. Improvising the technology so that low-grade ores can be used profitably.
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1. Geologists define minerals as a "homogeneous, natural occuring substance with a definable internal structure."
2. Minerals are of three types :–
(I) Metallic minerals – Metallic minerals are those which contain one or
more metallic elements.
(II) Non- metallic minerals – Non-metallic minerals are those which do not
contain metallic elements.
(III) Energy minerals – These are used o produce electricity, fuel for
transport, etc.
3. Major oil fields in India are Mumbai High, Bassien, Digboi field, Naharkatiya, Moran-Hugrijan, Ankleshwar, Hajira, Kalol, etc.
4. Petroleum or mineral oil is the next major energy source in India after coal. It provides fuel for heat, lighting and transportation, lubricants for machinery and raw materials for a number of manufacturing industries. Petroleum refineries act as a 'nodal industry" for synthetic textile, fertilizers and numerous chemical industries.
5. Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources can help in conservation of mineral resources.
