Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1.Name the four Vedas.
2. Name the occupations of the people in the Early Vedic society.
3. With which culture is the Painted Grey Ware associated? Name some excavated sites.
4. Why did the people of the Later Vedic society worship gods?
5. Name four megalithic sites in India.
IV. Answer the following questions in brief.
1. Who were the Indo-Aryans? Where did they come from?
2. Describe the four ashramas.
3. In which two ways do you think the life of a rajan was different from that of a dasa?
4. Discuss the political life of the people during the Early Vedic period.
5. Discuss the religious life of the people during the Later Vedic period.
V. Answer the following questions in detail.
1. Write a note on the Vedas.
2. Compare and contrast the life in the Early and Later Vedic periods.
3. Discuss the Megalithic cultures of India.
Answers
Answers:
1. There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda.
2.The people of the Early Vedic Period were basically pastoralists which means that they earned their livlihood by raising livestock. However, they were familier with sowing and harvesting. Reference to cultivation is made in the later part of the Rig Vedic period.
3.The Painted Grey Ware culture (PGW) is an Iron Age Indian culture of the western Gangetic plain and the Ghaggar-Hakra valley on the Indian subcontinent, conventionally dated
4.Extensive changes came in the religious life of the society of the later Vedic ages. Now, religion came to be entangled in a mesh of rites and rituals. The Brahmins were integral and indispensable. Decline in worship of nature led to emergence of a host of new gods and goddesses.
5.Menhirs:
Dolmen:
Cist:
Cairn Circle
II.
1.These Indo-Aryans were a branch of the Indo-Iranians, who originated in present-day northern Afghanistan. By 1500 BCE, the Indo-Aryans had created small herding and agricultural communities across northern India.
2.Ashrama in Hinduism is one of four age-based life stages discussed in Indian texts of the ancient and medieval eras. The four ashramas are: Brahmacharya (student), Grihastha (householder), Vanaprastha (retired) and Sannyasa (renunciate).
3.1. Raja was one of the highest civil positions in the society. 1. Dasa had lowest position in the society.
2. They were considered as the owners. 2. They were considered as property of their owners
4.The polity of the Early Vedic period was basically a tribal polity with the tribal chief in the centre. The tribe was called Jana and the tribal chief was called Rajana. Rajana looked after the affairs of the tribe with the help of other tribal members and two tribal assemblies i.e. Sabha and Samiti.
5.Now, religion came to be entangled in a mesh of rites and rituals. ... The Brahmins were integral and indispensable. Decline in worship of nature led to emergence of a host of new gods and goddesses.
III.
1. The Vedas are the religious texts which inform the religion of Hinduism (also known as Sanatan Dharma meaning “Eternal Order” or “Eternal Path”). ... The Vedas existed in oral form and were passed down from master to student for generations until they were committed to writing between c. 1500 - c.
2.The Vedic age itself is divided into the Early Vedic Period (c. 1500 – 1200 BCE) and Later Vedic Period (c. 1100 – 500 BCE). The reason being that society underwent drastic changes from the time the first Vedas were written to the appearance of later Vedic scriptures.
3.Megaliths were constructed either as burial sites or commemorative (non-sepulchral) memorials. ... In India, archaeologists trace the majority of the megaliths to the Iron Age (1500 BC to 500 BC), though some sites precede the Iron Age, extending up to 2000 BC.
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Answer:
explain the role of raja in aryan administration