Answer the following Questions:
Q1. In which part of India did a tribal group, Mundas live?
Q2. Who were the outsiders being referred to as Dikus?
Q3. Which societies in India did not have the sharp social divisions?
Q4. What is the other name of shifting cultivation?
Q5. Where were shifting cultivators found in India?
Q6. Why did tribal people depend on traders and money lenders?
Q7. Name two tribal groups who were hunters and gatherers?
Q8. Which tribal groups were considered to be wild and savage by the British officials?
Q9. Why did Jhum cultivators who took to plough cultivation often suffered?
Q10. Which forests were classified as reserved forests by the British?
Q11. Why did Forest Departments established forest villages in many regions?
Q12. Name an area where Santhals were rearing cocoons to get Silk.
Q13. Where were tribals recruited in large numbers to work from the late 19th century?
Q14. Who was Birsa?
Q15. When did Birsa start a movement against colonial forest laws?
Answers
Answer:
1. The Munda are found in the Northern areas of East India concentrated in the state of Jharkhand, Bihar,Odisha,and West Bengal2. traders,moneylenders,mercenaries, Hindu landlords and the British where the outsiders being referred to as dikus.3. most tribes had customs and rituals that were very different from those laid down by brahmans. this societies also did not have the shop social divisions that were characteristic of societie4. Swidden agriculture, also known as shifting cultivation.5. in the hilly region of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,Manipur, Meghalaya,Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura shifting cultivation, locally known as Jhum,continuous to be a dominant mode of food production and the economic mainstay of many rural households.6. tribals dependent on traders for obtaining their supply of commodities which were not produced by them. ii- traders sold this commodities at a very high rate thus, tribals considered money lenders and traders as evil outsiders.7. The Great andamanese and the jarawa. 8. British officials saw settled tribal groups like the gonds and santhals as more civilized then hunter-gatherers or shifting cultivators.9. jhum cultivators who took to plough cultivation often suffered because their fields did not produce good yields. 10. tribals,dikus and the vision of a golden age are some of the forests classified as reserved forest.11. the step of the forest department establishing forest villages was taken under the Indian forest act ,1927 which was set by the Britisher. this act was implemented in order to produce and regulate the products made from the materials available in the forest.12. Hazaribagh, in present-day Jharkhand, was an area where the santhals reared cocoons13. from the late 19th century, tea plantations started coming up and mining became an important industry.14. birsa was an Indian tribal freedom fighter, religious leader,and folk hero who belongs to Munda tribe.15 .during his leadership oraon movement against the British Colonial rule.