Answer the following questions with reference to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: a.What was the cause of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami? b.What was the speed of the waves? c.Which parts of India were most affected and which part of India got submerged? d.What was the loss of life and property? e.Why do most tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean? f.Could this disaster have been avoided? Give reasons
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According to official estimates in India, 10,136 people were killed and hundreds of thousands made homeless when a tsunami triggered by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake near the Indonesian island of Sumatra struck the southern coast on 26 December 2004. The earthquake registered 9.1–9.3 Mw and was the largest in five decades.[1] It was followed by strong aftershocks[2] on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The death toll of the earthquake was 1,500 people.This disaster affected a total of fourteen regions.[3] The Andaman and Nicobar Islands comprise 572 islands (land masses at low and high tide), of which 38 are inhabited by people from the mainland and indigenous tribes. The islands were just north of the earthquake epicentre, and the tsunami reached a height of 15 metres (49 ft) in the southern Nicobar Islands. The official death toll was 1,310, with about 5,600 missing. The unofficial death toll (including those missing and presumed dead) was estimated at about 7,000. This ocean earthquake goes down in history as the deadliest of all time. It took the lives of over 230,000 victims throughout the fourteen regions and wounded more than double this number.[4] The Great Nicobar and Car Nicobar islands were the worst hit among all the islands because of their proximity to the quake and relatively flat terrain. Aftershocks rocked the area,[5] and one-fifth of the population of the Nicobar Islands was reported dead, injured or missing.[6] Chowra Island lost two-thirds of its population of 1,500. Entire islands were submerged, and Trinket Island was divided in two.[7] Communications were cut to the Nancowry group of islands, some of which were submerged.[8]
On Car Nicobar, 111 Indian Air Force personnel and their family members were washed away when the tsunami severely damaged their air base.[9] St. Thomas Cathedral (also known as the John Richardson church after John Richardson, a missionary and member of parliament) was washed away. The church, established in 1930 was one of the oldest and prominent churches in the region. A cricket stadium named after John Richardson and a statue dedicated to him were also washed away.[citation needed]
Most of the population of the Andaman Islands are people from the mainland, primarily West Bengal and Tamil Nadu. The natives of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are endangered tribal groups, such as the Jarawa, Sentinelese, Shompen, Onge and the Great Andamanese. They are anthropologically-significant as some of the world's most primitive tribes. Most have maintained their lifestyle for centuries, and government policy is one of non-interference. Most of the native islanders reportedly survived the tsunami because they lived on higher ground or far from the coast.[10] The Onge (with a 2001 census population of 96), Jarawa (240), Sentinelese (39) and Great Andamanese (43) were reached by survey teams. The Sentinelese, on an island reserve, are hostile to outsiders and shot arrows at helicopters sent to check on them.[11][12][13] On the Nicobar Islands the Nicobarese, a tribe with a Southeast Asian heritage (2001 population 28,653), lost about 656 lives with 3,000 missing. Surveys were conducted on the Shompen (2001 census count of 398) located on Great Nicobar island.
India's only active volcano, Barren 1 (on Barren Island 135 km (84 mi) northeast of Port Blair), erupted on 30 December due to increased seismic activity. The population was evacuated, and there were no casualties. Indira Point (6°45’10″N and 93°49’36″E), the southernmost point of the Great Nicobar Island and India itself, subsided 4.25 metres (13.9 ft) in the tsunami and its lighthouse was damaged.
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Here is your answer :-
Ques1:- a.What was the cause of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami?
Ans1:-a.The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by an earthquake that is thought to have had the energy of 23,000 Hiroshima-type atomic bombs. ... Within hours of the earthquake, killer waves radiating from the epicenter slammed into the coastlines of 11 countries, damaging countries from east Africa to Thailand.
Ques2:-b.What was the speed of the waves?
Ans:-b. In the case of a wave, the speed is the distance traveled by a given point on the wave (such as a crest) in a given interval of time. In equation form, If the crest of an ocean wave moves a distance of 20 meters in 10 seconds, then the speed of the ocean wave is 2.0 m/s.
Ques3:- c.Which parts of India were most affected and which part of India got submerged?
Ans:-c. Indian states affected by tsunami were Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Andaman and Nicobar Island.
Ques4:-d.What was the loss of life and property?
Ans:-Tsunamis also destroy vast tracts of infrastructure and property. Loss of life and material is caused by the initial impact of the tsunami wave itself, followed by rapid receding of the water that carries people and debris with it. Tsunamis continue to affect people after the waters have receded.
Ques5:- e.Why do most tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean?
Ans:-e. Tsunamis occur most often in the Pacific Ocean and Indonesia because the Pacific Rim bordering the Ocean has a large number of active submarine earthquake zones. ... When one tectonic plate subducts under another, it does so in a series of sharp events that often cause earthquakes.
Ques6:-f.Could this disaster have been avoided? Give reasons
Ans:-.f. I think there are many ideas to prevent tsunami waves hit lands. One of these ideas is build walls in coastal to be in horizontal position when ocean wave is normal. However, when ocean water level reduces due to tide and earthquakes. Thus, these walls/sheets become in vertical position.
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