answer the question in the picture fully
Answers
Answer:
1.
Define GFR: GFR stands for glomerular filtration rate. GFR is a measure of how well your kidneys filter blood.
Define Micturition: Micturition or urination is the process of emptying urine from the storage organ, namely, the urinary bladder. The detrusor is the smooth or involuntary muscle of the bladder wall. The urethral muscles consist of the external and internal sphincter.
2. What is JGA? Mention its significance.
Ans. Juxta glomerular apparatus is a group of specialized cells from afferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule of a nephron. They help in maintaining the blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate through renin angiotensin system.
Juxta glomerular cells secrete renin based on the stimulation of stretch receptors in the walls of arterioles. They result in aldosterone production and thus regulate the salt absorption from the filtrate and regulate the blood pressure.
3. Explain renin angiotensin mechanism.
Ans. Renin is released from the Juxta-Glomerular Apparatus (JGA) on activation by fall in the glomerular blood pressure/flow. Renin converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin I and further to angiotensin II. ... This complex mechanism is generally known as Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System or RAAS.
4. Explain the countercurrent mechanism with a neat labelled diagram.
The countercurrent mechanism system is a mechanism that expends energy to create a concentration gradient. It is found widely in nature and especially in mammalian organs. For example, it can refer to the process that is underlying the process of urine concentration, that is, the production of hyperosmotic urine by the mammalian kidney. The ability to concentrate urine is also present in birds.
