Question

answer the question which is given above​

Answer 1

Answer:

i Name the labelled parts 1,2 and 3.

1. 1.  Centrosomes (Also known as the "suicide bag of the cell")
2. 2. Microtubule (a microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures.)
3. 3. Chromosomes

ii Identify the above stage

The above phase is Anaphase. The splitting of the sister chromatids marks the onset of anaphase. These sister chromatids became the chromosome of the daughter nuclei. The chromosome are then pulled towards the pole by the fibers attached to the kinetochores of each chromosome. The centrosome of each chromosome leads at the edge while the arms trail behind it.

iii Give an example of this type of cell division in the body.

Example: The skin cell, red blood cells, stomach cells etc.

iv Name the stage prior to this stage?

The stage before Anaphase is Metaphase. At this stage, the microtubules start pulling the chromosomes with equal force, and the chromosome ends up in the middle of the cell. This region is known as the metaphase plate. Thus, each cell  gets an entire functioning genome.

Explanation:

Cell division is the driving process of reproduction at the cellular level. Most eukaryotic cells divide in a manner where the ploidy or the number of chromosomes remains the same, except in the case of germ cells where the number of chromosomes is halved. Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle where the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei with an equal amount of genetic material in both the daughter nuclei. It succeeds the G2 phase and is succeeded by cytoplasmic division after the separation of the nucleus.

Mitosis is essential for the growth of the cells and the replacement of worn-out cells. Abnormalities during mitosis may alter the DNA, resulting in genetic disorders.

Following are the two important functions of mitosis:

• Mitosis helps in the development of an organism. In single-celled organisms, mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction.
• Mitosis helps in the replacement of damaged tissues. The cells near the damaged cells begin mitosis when they do not sense the neighbouring cells. The dividing cells reach each other and cover the damaged cells.

There are 6 stages in this process

• Interphase
• Prophase
• Prometaphase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Interphase

Before entering mitosis, a cell spends a period of its growth under interphase. It undergoes the following phases when in interphase:

G1 Phase: This is the period before the synthesis of DNA.

S Phase: This is the phase during which DNA synthesis takes place.

G2 Phase: This is the phase between the end of DNA synthesis and the beginning of prophase.

Prophase

Prophase immediately follows S and G2 phase of the cycle and is marked by condensation of the genetic material to form compact mitotic chromosomes composed of two chromatids attached at the centromere.  The completion of prophase is characterised by the initiation of the assembly of the mitotic spindle, the microtubules, and the proteinaceous components of cytoplasm that help in the process.  The nuclear envelope starts disintegrating.

Prometaphase

In the prometaphase, the nuclear envelop disintegrates. Now the microtubules are allowed to extend from the centromere to the chromosome. The microtubules attach to the kinetochores which allow the cell to move the chromosome around.

Metaphase

At this stage, the microtubules start pulling the chromosomes with equal force, and the chromosome ends up in the middle of the cell. This region is known as the metaphase plate. Thus, each cell gets an entire functioning genome.

Anaphase

The splitting of the sister chromatids marks the onset of anaphase. These sister chromatids become the chromosome of the daughter nuclei. The chromosomes are then pulled towards the pole by the fibres attached to the kinetochores of each chromosome. The centromere of each chromosome leads at the edge while the arms trail behind it.

Telophase

The chromosomes that cluster at the two poles start coalescing into an undifferentiated mass, as the nuclear envelope starts forming around it. The nucleolus, Golgi bodies and ER complex, which had disappeared after prophase start to reappear. Telophase is followed by cytokinesis, which denotes the division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells. Thus, it marks the completion of cell division.

Hope you got it ✿(◕‿◕)✿

Answer 2

Answer:

I am not pakistani

i am Indian.