Answer the questions in about 20-30 words.
1. What are topographical maps?
2. What is a grid reference?
3. What are the basic features of contour lines?
4. What are the different types of slopes?
5. What are settlements? Explain the main types.
Answers
Answer:
1) Topographical map gives detailed information about physical features and man-made features of a small area. Physical features are depicted by contours. Cultural or man made features are represented by symbols called conventional signs.
2) A grid of squares helps the map-reader to locate a place. The vertical lines are called eastings. They are numbered - the numbers increase to the east. The horizontal lines are called northings as the numbers increase in an northerly direction.
3) Contours show distinct characteristic features of the terrain as follows:
i) All points on a contour line are of the same elevation.
ii) No two contour lines can meet or cross each other except in the rare case of an overhanging vertical cliff or wall
iii) Closely spaced contour lines indicate steep slope
iv) Widely spaced contour lines indicate gentle slope
v) Equally spaced contour lines indicate uniform slope
vi) Closed contour lines with higher elevation towards the centre indicate hills
vii) Closed contour lines with reducing levels towards the centre indicate pond or other depression.
viii) Contour lines of ridge show higher elevation within the loop of the contours. Contour lines cross ridge at right angles.
4) Slopes come in 4 different types: negative, positive, zero, and undefined. as x increases. The slope of a line can also be interpreted as the “average rate of change”.
Classification of settlements
Settlement are primarily classified according to their pattern, size and housing density. They can also be classified according to the functions they perform.
Classification according to pattern
There are 5 types of settlement classified according to their pattern, these are, isolated, dispersed, nucleated, and linear.
typesofsettlement.png
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An isolated settlement consists of a single farm or house very remote from any other one, usually found in farming or hunting rural communities.
A dispersed settlement is made up of several houses, scattered or dispersed (as the name implies). One house may be up to one or more kilometers from the next. This type of settlement is common in the Sahel.
In a nucleated or compact settlement, the buildings are clustered, linked by roads, and the settlement itself may have a nearly circular or irregular shape. Such settlements can be either cultural or urban, depending on the size and the functions they perform.
A linear or elongated settlement forms a straight or curved line, following a line of movement, such as a road, river, coastline or the foot of an elongated escarpment. This type of settlement is found in rural area, but linear developments may constitute extensions of towns on their outskirts.
Finally, the integrated nucleated and linear settlements combines the characteristics of both types of settlement and they are star-like. They often occur at junctions, and a number of them in urban settlements.
5)
Answer:
Maira naam - Sachin. Kumar hai.
Or mai 9th standard mai hu.
Mai Assam sai hu.
Mujhe star or moon or nature ko fell karna acha lgta hai.
B's yahie mere life mai..