Answer the questions in brief.
1. What is seed dispersal? Why is it necessary?
2. Explain the process of insect pollination.
8. Explain seed dispersal through water.
4. Explain the process of grafting with the help of two examples.
5. How are spores able to withstand long adverse conditions?
5. Name the parts of a flower.
7. What is tissue culture?
3. What is vegetative reproduction? What are its types?
9. Name the vegetative and sexual parts of plants.
10. List two advantages of vegetative reproduction.
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Answers
5 ) there are tow types of flower
1. Dispersal of seeds is very important for the survival of plant species. If plants grow too closely together, they have to compete for light, water and nutrients from the soil. Seed dispersal allows plants to spread out from a wide area and avoid competing with one another for the same resources.
2. Insects typically pollinate flowers as they move from plant to plant searching for food. ... When an insect lands on a flower to feed, pollen grains stick to its body. As the insect moves to another flower of the same species, these pollen grains are transferred to the flower's stigma and pollination occurs.
3. Seeds dispersed by water are contained in light and buoyant fruit, giving them the ability to float. Coconuts are well known for their ability to float on water to reach land where they can germinate. Similarly, willow and silver birches produce lightweight fruit that can float on water.
4. Grafting is that reproductive process where the upper part of one plant is mingled with the lower part of another plant.Here, the upper part such as fruits, flowers, stems, etc. is called scion and the root part (lower part) is called the rootstock.
Here, the upper part such as fruits, flowers, stems, etc. is called scion and the root part (lower part) is called the rootstock.Example: Rose, peaches, budwood, etc.
5. Winds carry the spores to new spots where they can survive for long periods of time before germinating and sprouting fungal filaments of their own. Some bacteria produce a special type of spore called an endospore, which can withstand such extremes as boiling and freezing temperatures, and ultraviolet radiation.
6. Flowers can be made up of different parts, but there are some parts that are basic equipment. The main flower parts are the male part called the stamen and the female part called the pistil. The stamen has two parts: anthers and filaments. The anthers carry the pollen.
7. Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This technique is also called micropropagation. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar.
8. Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction found in plants. This type of reproduction occurs when new individuals are formed without the production of seeds or spores. The formation of new plants out of rhizomes or stolons is an example of vegetative reproductive, such as in the strawberry plant.
9. These structures can be divided into two groups: sexual reproductive and vegetative. Vegetative parts (Figure 1) include roots, stems, shoot buds, and leaves; they are not directly involved in sexual reproduction. Vegetative parts often are used in asexual forms of reproduction such as cuttings, budding, or grafting.
10. Advantages of vegetative propagation
1. Quicker and more certain.
2. Produces identical quality as the parent.
3. Plants that do not have viable seed, can be reproduced.
4. Flowers produced are of superior quality.
5. Desirable character of fruit can be maintained.
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