answer the unhighlited questions that is 3 ,4 , 5
Answers
3. The basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms is:
(i) Nature of the cells, i.e.,either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
(ii) Number of cells, i.e., unicellular (a cell living singly) or multicellular (complex organisms).
(iii) Presence or absence of cell wall.
(iv) Mode of nutrition, i.e., whether they prepare their own food or get their food from outside.
4. The major divisions of Plantae are:-
(i)Thallophyta
(ii)Bryophyta
(iii)Pteridophyta
(iv)Gymnosperm
(v)Angiosperm
The basis of classification is:-
(i) Differentiated and undifferentiated plant body
(ii) Presence and absence of vascular tissues.
(iii)With or without seeds
(iv) Naked or seeds with fruit.
5. In plants, classification is based on the morphology of the plants (i.e., differentiated or undifferentiated plant body, with or without seeds, naked seeds or seeds inside fruits, etc) whereas in animals, classification is mainly on the basis body design of an animal (i.e., presence or absence of a notochord).
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Answer:
3.Answer : Robert .H. Whittaker in 1959 proposed a five kingdom classification of living organisms on the basis of Linnaeus’ system of classification encorporating cell structure, mode and source of nutrition and body organisation as main features. The five kingdoms proposed by Whittaker are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
The basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms is as follows :
(i) On the basis of the presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles, all living organisms are divided into two broad categories of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This division lead to the formation of kingdom Monera, which includes all prokaryotes.
(ii) Then, eukaryotes are divided as unicellular and multicellular, on the basis of cellularity. Unicellular eukaryotes form kingdom Protista, and multicellular eukaryotes form kingdom Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
(iii) Animals are then separated on the basis of the absence of a cell wall.
(iv) Since fungi and plants both contain a cell wall, they are separated into different kingdoms on the basis of their modes of nutrition. Fungi have saprophytic mode of nutrition, whereas plants have autotrophic mode of nutrition. This results in the formation of the five kingdoms
4.The kingdom Plantae is divided into five main divisions and they are as follows:
Thallophyta.
Bryophyta.
Pteridophyta.
Gymnosperms.
Angiosperms.
5.The characteristics used to classify plants are different from animals. It is because the basic designs of animals are very different from plants.
Criteria for deciding divisions in plants are:
€¢ Differentiated/ Undifferentiated plant body
€¢ Presence/ absence of vascular tissues
€¢ With/without seeds
€¢ Naked seeds/ seeds inside fruits
But the animals can’t be divided into groups on these criteria. In the animal kingdom, anatomical characters are taken into consideration while deciding about subgroups. They are divided on the basis of their body structure.
6. Vertebrates are further classified according to several criteria like exoskeleton, respiratory organs, method of giving birth, number of chambers in heart, mode of living etc. They are further classified into classes Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammals.
Explanation:
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