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Cryptogams and phanerogams are two sub-kingdoms of the kingdom Plantae. This classification system was introduced by A. W. Eichler in 1883. The main difference between cryptogams and phanerogams is that Cryptogams consist of seedless plants whereas phanerogams consist of seed-bearing plants. Cryptogams comprise plants like algae, mosses, and ferns. Cryptogams are non-flowering plants, which mainly reproduce by the production of spores. They do not produce fruits. Phanerogams comprise gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms are non-flowering plants with naked-seeds (seeds are not covered by a fruit). Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds covered by a fruit. Angiosperms are the most prominent vegetation on earth.
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The bodies of birds are adapted for flying. Many of a bird's bones are hollow which makes birds' bodies lightweight. Flying birds have large chest muscles that move the wings. Birds have feathers that help them fly. The long flight feathers on the wings and tail help birds balance and steer. In addition, birds have a system of air sacs in their body that connect to the lungs. The air sacs enable birds to extract much more oxygen from each breath of air than other animals can. Birds need extra oxygen to release large amounts of energy to power their flight. Their four-chambered heart also helps a bird get more oxygen. The advantage of a four-chambered heart is that there is no mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood. Blood that arrives in the bird's body tissues has plenty of oxygen
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Arthropoda, animals having jointed appendages or legs.It is a phylum of triploblastic, haemocoelomic, segmented invertebrates having head, thorax and abdomen, a chitinous exoskeleton and jointed legs and appendages.Most successful phylum on the Earth that has ever existed.Arthropods were first studied by Aristotle.Von Siebold coined the term Arthropoda
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The bodies of birds are adapted for flying. Many of a bird's bones are hollow which makes birds' bodies lightweight. Flying birds have large chest muscles that move the wings. Birds have feathers that help them fly. The long flight feathers on the wings and tail help birds balance and steer. In addition, birds have a system of air sacs in their body that connect to the lungs. The air sacs enable birds to extract much more oxygen from each breath of air than other animals can. Birds need extra oxygen to release large amounts of energy to power their flight. Their four-chambered heart also helps a bird get more oxygen. The advantage of a four-chambered heart is that there is no mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood. Blood that arrives in the bird's body tissues has plenty of oxygen
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Arthropoda, animals having jointed appendages or legs.It is a phylum of triploblastic, haemocoelomic, segmented invertebrates having head, thorax and abdomen, a chitinous exoskeleton and jointed legs and appendages.Most successful phylum on the Earth that has ever existed.Arthropods were first studied by Aristotle.Von Siebold coined the term Arthropoda
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