Answer these questions in long-
1. Explain the events that led to the insurrection of 91792 in France.
2. What was meant by October Revolution?
Answers
1) Jacobin club was a political club that came into existence in the aftermath of the French Revolution. It derived its name from the convent of St. Jacob in Paris. Its members were mostly small shopkeepers, artisans like shoemakers, watch-makers, printers, servants and daily wage workers. Maximillian Robespierre was their leader. They used to wear long-striped trousers and red -caps symbolising liberty. The group planned an insurrection in 1792 due to high food prices and short supplies. They also stormed the king's palace and held the king hostage for several hours. Elections were later held with voting rights to all men above 21 years of age. The elected assembly abolished monarchy and declared France as a republic. The former king Louis XVI and queen Marie Antoinette were executed. However, in the period between 1793 and 1794, the Jacobins, led by Robespierre unleashed a reign of terror by persecuting anyone who was perceived to be enemy of the republic. Ceilings were placed on wages and prices while food was rationed. Extreme repression led to alienation of Robespierre and he was deposed and guillotined.
2) The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution, Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd traditionally dated to 25 October 1917. It followed and capitalized on the February Revolution of the same year. The October Revolution in Petrograd overthrew the Russian Provisional Government and gave the power to the local soviets dominated by Bolsheviks. As the revolution was not universally recognized outside of Petrograd there followed the struggles of the Russian Civil War and the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922. The revolution was led by the Bolsheviks, who used their influence in the Petrograd Soviet to organize the armed forces. Bolshevik Red Guards forces under the Military Revolutionary Committee began the takeover of government buildings on 24 October 1917. The following day, the Winter Palace, was captured.
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