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→ What are solar flares?
→ What is solar wind?
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Answers
⛄ WHAT ARE SOLAR FLARES?!
Solar flares are sudden eruptions on the surface of the sun, such as those shown in the attachment above, [Do have a glimpse at it]. Typically occurring during the peak of the sunspot cycle, these violent releases of energy charged particles at more than 600 miles per second into space, as well as spewing out radiation ranging from radio waves to x-rays.
A flare usually lasts only a few minutes. In that time, its temperature can reach several million kelvins. [For comparison, note that the highest recorded temperature on Earth, 136°F, is equal to only about 331°K.]
The charged particles of a solar flare sometimes extend to Earth's magnetic field, which can cause Auroras and geomagnetic storms, disrupt satellite communications, and endanger astronauts in space.
Unusually, large solar flares can have broader consequences on Earth. For instance, on October 28, 2003, a huge solar flare shot highly charged energetic particles right at our planet. Airplanes were diverted away from Poles because passengers would have been exposed to increased radiation. A power blackout occured in Sweden, and some satellites were damaged. Even the Hubble Space Telescope had to be placed in its "safe" mode to protect its delicate electronics.
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❄ WHAT IS SOLAR WIND?!
Solar wind occurs when atomic particles stream out from the sun's corona. Solar winds increase when solar flares peak. A gust can amount to one million tons of matter per second.
Solar wind consists mostly of protons and electrons, with tiny amounts of silicon, sulfur, calcium, chromium, nickel, neon, and argon ions. It travels up to 540 miles a second– fastest when escaping through coronal holes.
Where solar wind encounters planetary magnetic fields, it can cause auroras. It also makes the tails of comets point away from the sun.
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