Answer these questions
What do the following terms mean?
Absolute Monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
Why did the king find an empty treasury upon his accession. ?
What was the social cause of French Revolution?
What taxes were paid in France before 1789? Who paid these taxes?
Why were taxes levied by the State in France?
Answers
Answer:
A1)ABSOLUTE MONARCHY = Absolute monarchy is a monarchial form of government in which the monarch exercises ultimate governing authority as head of state and head of government; his or her powers are not limited by a constitution or by the law. An absolute monarch wields unrestricted political power over the sovereign state and its people.
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY = a system of government in which a country is ruled by a king and queen whose power is limited by a constitution.
A2)Louis xvi of france found an empty treasury after his accession as his father had fought long and expensive wars with his neighbours and the French support for the American revolution wars and the cost of maintaining the palace of Versailles and the official building of the state led to him finding an empty treasury.
A3)One reason for the French revolution was the prevailing feudal system. 18th century French society was divided into 3 estates. The first estate was the clergy, second estate the nobles and the third estate was everybody else. The first and second estate owned most of the land and also didn't pay taxes.
A4)There were two categories of tax in pre-revolutionary France: direct taxes and indirect taxes. Direct taxes were levied on individuals and collected by royal officials. Indirect taxes took the form of duties and excises on goods and were collected by 'tax farmers'.
A5)The tax system in pre-revolutionary France largely exempted the nobles and the clergy from taxes. The tax burden therefore devolved to the peasants, wage-earners, and the professional and business classes, also known as the Third Estate.
A6)The taxation system under the Ancien Régime largely excluded the nobles and the clergy from taxation while the commoners, particularly the peasantry, paid disproportionately high direct taxes.
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