Question

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Answer 1

Questions

(i) What is meant by acid rain? How is acid rain cause? What damage is caused by acid rain?

(ii) What are neutral salts, acidic salts and basic salts? Give two examples each of neutral, acidic and basic salts.

(iii) What is an acid? Name any two acids. How can you test the presence of an acid in a substance?

(iv) What is a base? Name any two bases. How can you test the presence of an acid in a substance?

(v) a) What is neutralization? Describe the process of neutralization with the help of an example.

b) Write a word equation for the neutralization reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. Also, write the chemical formulae of all the substances involved.

Answers

(i) Acid rain is one of the main factors that cause monument cancer. When nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide is released from the vehicle they rise up in the sky. When the rainwater gets mixed with these gases it forms nitric acid and sulphuric acid. When these acids precipitate, it causes acid rain. The water is turned acidic and is no longer pure. It can cause a lot of damage like -

• It can cause monument cancer when this acidic water is mixed with calcium carbonate.

• It affects the pH level of the soil and makes it hard for the plants to grow. This can cause ecological imbalance.

• It affects marine life by disturbing the pH level and damaging marine life.

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(ii) Acidic Salt ⇒ This is formed when there is caused between a strong acid and a weak base.

• For Example ⇒ FeCI3 (Iron Chloride),  ZnCl2 (Zinc Chloride)

Basic Salt ⇒ This is formed when there is a reaction caused between a strong base and a weak acid.

• For Example ⇒ CaCO3 (Calcium carbonate), NaOOCCH3 (Sodium acetate)

Neutral Salt ⇒ This is formed when there is a reaction caused between a strong acid and a strong base.

• For Example ⇒ KCl (Potassium Chloride),  NaN03 (Sodium Nitrate)

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(iii) An acid is a substance that is sour in taste. They give hydrogen ions in solution. Lactic acid and Citric acid are two examples of acids. To check the presence of acid in any substance we can use indicators like turmeric or litmus paper. When an acidic substance is added to a blue litmus paper it turns red in colour whereas when an acidic substance is added to a red litmus paper it remains the same in colour. We can also do a pH level test. If the pH level is less than 7 that means the substance is acidic in nature.

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(iv) A base is a substance that is bitter in taste. They feel are slippery. Sodium hydroxide and Magnesium hydroxide are two examples of bases. To check the presence of base in any substance we can use indicators like turmeric or litmus paper. When a basic substance is added to a red litmus paper it turns blue in colour whereas when a basic substance is added to a blue litmus paper it remains the same in colour. We can also do a pH level test. If the pH level is more than 7 that means the substance is basic in nature.

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(v) a) The reaction caused when an acidic substance comes in contact with a basic substance and neutralizes them is known as the process of neutralization. When we suffer acidity it happens due to excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach. To cure it we intake a basic substance like milk of magnesia to neutralize the chemical. This process is known as the neutralization process.

b) When Hydrochloric acid mixes with Sodium Hydroxide it causes a reaction of neutralization and the end products we receive are salt and water.

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