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Remainder Theorem:-
Remainder Theorem is an approach of Euclidean division of polynomials. According to this theorem, if we divide a polynomial P(x) by a factor ( x – a); that isn’t essentially an element of the polynomial; you will find a smaller polynomial along with a remainder. This remainder that has been obtained is actually a value of P(x) at x = a, specifically P(a). So basically, x -a is the divisor of P(x) if and only if P(a) = 0. It is applied to factorize polynomials of each degree in an elegant manner.
For example:-
if f(a) = a3-12a2-42 is divided by (a-3) then the quotient will be a2-9a-27 and
the remainder is -123.
if we put, a-3 = 0
then a = 3
Hence, f(a) = f(3) = -123
Thus, it satisfies the remainder theorem.
Factor Theorem:-
According to factor theorem, if f(x) is
a polynomial of degree n ≥ 1 and ‘a’ is any real number, then, (x-a) is a factor of f(x),
if f(a)=0.
Also, we can say, if (x-a) is a factor of polynomial f(x), then f(a) = 0. This proves the converse of the theorem. Let us see the proof of this theorem along with examples.
Factor theorem is commonly used for factoring a polynomial and finding the roots of the polynomial. It is a special
case of a polynomial remainder theorem.
As discussed in the introduction, a polynomial f(x) has a factor (x-a), if and
only if, f(a) = 0. It is one of the methods to do the factorisation of a polynomial.
Ques:3
• Identity I: (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
• Identity III: a2 – b2= (a + b)(a – b)
• Identity IV: (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)
x + ab.
• Identity V: (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 +
2ab + 2bc + 2ca.
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