Question

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Answer 1

Answer:

Q1 ) . Bacteria , Fungi , Algae , Protozoa , Viruses

Q2 ). Beneficial Effects of Microorganism

• They are useful in production of antibiotics and vaccines.
• They are useful in preparation of food items.
• They are useful in increasing the fertility of soil.

Harmful effects of Microorganisms

• Causes disease in humans , animals and plants
• They can spoil our foods , clothes etc.

Answer 2

Answer:

1.Microorganisms are classified into four major groups mainly bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae. Some of the microorganisms are unicellular like bacteria, while some have well developed, multi-cellular body like moulds.

BENEFITS;

1)They help in production of food materials such as bread, cheese, curd,etc.

2)Helps in preparation of vaccine.

3) Helps in fermentation.

4) Serves as an important part of carbon and nitrogen cycle.

HARMFUL AFFECTS;

1) Responsible for rotting of food.

2) Responsible for tooth decay.

3) They spread diseases.

4) Are somtimes responsible for whooping of plants.

4.The nucleus is the information centre of the cell and is surrounded by a nuclear membrane in all eukaryotic. A cell normally contains only one nucleus. Under some conditions, however, the nucleus divides but the cytoplasm does not.

Cytoplasm is a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It is mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins. All of the organelles in eukaryotic cells, such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, are located in the cytoplasm.

6.Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass and often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic, most commonly derived from petrochemicals, however, an array of variants are made from renewable materials such as polylactic acid from corn or cellulosics from cotton linters.

7.Chemical Properties of Metals

• The density of metals is usually high.

• Metals are malleable and ductile.

• Metals form an alloy with other metals or non – metals.

• Some metals react with air and corrode.

• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.

8.When they got buried deep in the soil, they were exposed to very high pressure and temperature. Under these conditions, these slowly got converted into coal. This process of formation of coal vegetation is called carbonization. The process of conversion of dead remains of plants into coal is called carbonization.

9.A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, mostly zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to both intense heat and pressure. Petroleum has mostly been recovered by oil drilling (natural petroleum springs are rare).

10.

11.We should conserve biodiversity because it is very important for all living organisms and for the environment. We should conserve biodiversity to save it from becoming extinct. Protected forests are not completely safe for wild animals because poachers have found access in these areas and killing animals.

12.Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete with a single set of chromosomes combines with another to produce an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes.

13.There are four main forms of asexual reproduction in animals: budding, fission, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis. Each form is similar in that one organism is able to create many more organisms without the need for a mate, but they differ in the mechanism by which they create those organism

Explanation: