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2. Covalent compounds have bonds where electrons are shared between atoms.
Ionic compounds are formed from strong electrostatic interactions between ions, which result in higher melting points and electrical conductivity compared to covalent compounds.
3. Methane is widely used as a fuel and is a major compound of biogas and CNG.
Electron dot structure of methane (CH_(4)): Covalent bonds are formed in this compound.
4. Aliphatic compound can be cyclic or not, but only aromatic compounds contain a stable ring of atoms, such as benzene.
Aliphatic compounds can be saturated or unsaturated. Saturated compounds are made up of single bond only while unsaturated compounds are with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes).
5. The reason is carbon's ability to form stable bonds with many elements, including itself. This property allows carbon to form a huge variety of very large and complex molecules. In fact, there are nearly 10 million carbon-based compounds in living things.
6. A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group.
For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. are all part of the alkane homologous series. The general formula of this series is CnH2n+2. Methane , CH4.
7. Aromatic compound, any of a large class of unsaturated chemical compounds characterized by one or more planar rings of atoms joined by covalent bonds of two different kinds. Aromaticity results from particular bonding arrangements that cause certain π (pi) electrons within a molecule to be strongly held.
(a) German chemist Friedrich Wöhler from ammonium cyanate in 1828 was the first generally accepted laboratory synthesis of a naturally occurring organic compound from inorganic materials. Urea is now prepared commercially in vast amounts from liquid ammonia and liquid carbon dioxide.
(b) The purest form of carbon is diamond. Graphite was first converted into diamond in the year 1955 in the presence of catalysts such as iron, cobalt, chromium, or manganese. Diamond is considered to be the purest form of carbon because the composition of the diamond is homogeneous and is consistent throughout.
10. Allotrope - each of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist. Graphite, charcoal, and diamond are all allotropes of carbon.
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