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Answer 1

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1 Ans=Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years).

2 Ans=The climate of India is described as a monsoon type. This type of climate is found in south and southeast Asia. However, there are variations in climatic conditions in the country itself. The coastal regions of India show the least amount of difference between the temperatures of night and day.

3 Ans=On a winter night, the temperature at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir may be as low as minus 45 degree Centigrade because Jammu and Kashmir is situated in the higher altitude in the mountains which becomes extremely cold during the winters.

4 Ans=The thunderstorms over Gangetic West Bengal are called Nor'westers as these systems having gene- sis over Bihar, Jharkhand (figure 1a) region travel south-eastward to strike Kolkata (figure 1b) and its surrounding. With respect to Kolkata, these storms appear from the north-west direction hence the name 'Nor'wester'.

5 Ans=The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight states in India: Gujarat (Jasdan), Rajasthan (Kalinjarh), Madhya Pradesh (Shajapur), Chhattisgarh (Sonhat), Jharkhand (Lohardaga), West Bengal (Krishnanagar), Tripura (Udaipur) and Mizoram (Champhai).

6 Ans= Pressure and wind system: The pressure and wind system of any area depend on the latitude and altitude of that place. Thus, it influences the temperature accordingly. Distance from the sea: Coastal regions are cooler as compared to interior regions.

7 Ans= The southwest monsoon arrives in two branches called the Bay of Bengal branch and the Arabian Sea branch. The Arabian Sea side monsoon of the southwest monsoon first hits the western ghats of Kerala, India. It moves northwards providing rain to the coastal areas of the Western Ghats.

8 Ans= Monsoon winds

9 Ans=Equable type of climate is generally found in areas close to the sea. This climate is also known as a maritime climate.

10 Ans=The monsoon is known for its uncertainties. The alternation of dry and wet spells vary in intensity, frequency and duration. While it causes heavy floods in one part, it may be responsible for droughts in the other. It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat.

11 Ans= Mango showers is a colloquial term to describe the occurrence of pre-monsoon rainfall. Sometimes, these rains are referred to generically as 'April rains' or 'Summer showers'. They are notable across much of South and Southeast Asia, including India, and Cambodia.

12 Ans=Around the time of its arrival, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues constantly for several days. This is known as the 'burst' of the monsoon, and can be distinguished from the pre-monsoon showers.

13 Ans=The Coriolis effect is an apparent force, relative to the earth's surface, that causes deflection of moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere due to the earth's rotation.

14 Ans=Coastal areas experience less contrasts in temperature conditions due to moderating effect of the seas. The large water bodies helps in moderating temperature. Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock, so the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land.

15 Ans=Winds generally blow from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. The boundary between these two areas is called a front. The complex relationships between fronts cause different types of wind and weather patterns. Prevailing winds are winds that blow from a single direction over a specific area of the Earth.

16 Ans=Khasi Hills

17 Ans=India hosts two climatic subtypes- tropical monsoon climate, tropical wet and dry climate that fall under this group. 1) The most humid is the tropical wet climate—also known as tropical monsoon climate—that covers a strip of southwestern lowlands abutting the Malabar Coast, the Western Ghats, and southern Assam.

18 Ans= Intertropical Convergence Zone

19 Ans=Jet stream, a region of long, narrow, high-speed winds that typically flow northeastward, eastward, and southeastward in the middle and upper troposphere or lower stratosphere

20 Ans=A western disturbance is an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean region that brings sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent. It is a non-monsoonal precipitation pattern driven by the westerlies.

21 Ans=El Niño and the Southern Oscillation

Answer 2

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