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A.) Antibiotics are used to treat severe infection, whereas vaccines prevent infections from ever becoming established. And antibiotics are based on defenses that evolved in microbes, to protect them from bacteria; they are not a natural defense for us, and our bodies are not adapted to cope well with them.
B.) Pasteurization is the process of heating the milk to a certain temperature for a certain time. Pasteurisation is heating to atleast 73 degree C. and holding it at that temperature for at least 16 seconds. ... Boiling milk is heating it to 100 degree C.
C.) Communicable diseases are the diseases which passes from one individual to another individual. They are generally caused by some bacteria, viruses or any other pathogens. For example, malaria, AIDS etc. Non-communicable diseases are the diseases which does not spread from one person to another person.
D.) Spirochetes have a spiral shape, a flexible cell wall, and motility mechanisms based on structures called axial filaments. Spirilla have a spiral shape, a rigid cell wall, and motility mechanisms based on polar flagella.