Question

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Answer 1

$\underline {\Huge \bold {Properties \:Of:-}}$

$\underline {\underline {\Huge \bold {Ethanol:-}}}$

▶Ethanol is liquid at room temperature.

▶ Ethanol is commonly called alcohol.

▶ Ethanol is a good solvent.

▶Ethanol is also used in medicines such as tincture iodine, cough syrups and many toxins.

▶Consumption of small quantities of dilute ethanol can cause drunkenness.

▶Ethanol is soluble in water.

$\underline {\underline {\Huge \bold {Ethanoic\:Acid:-}}}$

▶ Ethanoic acid is commonly called Acetic Acid.

▶ 5-8 %percentage solution of Acetic acid in water is called vinegar which is widely used as a preservative in pickles.

▶The melting point of pure ethanoic acid is 290 K and hence it open freezes during winter in cold climates.

▶Ethanoic acid is also called glacial acetic acid.

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$\huge\mathsf{Difference \:between :-}$

$\underline {\Huge \texttt {SOAP\:AND \:DETERGENT}}$

■ Soaps are the sodium salts of long chain carboxylic acids. Whereas, Detergents are sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphonic acids

■ The ionic group in soaps is –COO-Na+ . Whereas, The ionic group in soaps is SO3 -Na+ or SO4 -Na+.

■ Soaps are not useful when water is hard. Whereas, Detergents can be used for washing purposes even when water is hard.

■ Soaps are biodegradable. Whereas, Some of the detergents are non-biodegradable.

■ Soaps have relatively weak cleansing action. Whereas, Detergents have a strong cleansing action.

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Answer 2

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$\large{\bold{\underline{Hey \: Mate}}}$

$\huge{\boxed{ANSWER}}$

$\large{Chemical properties of Ethanol (or Ethyl Alcohol)}$

1.$\underline{\bold{Combustion}}$

Ethanol is a highly inflammable liquid. It catches fire easily and starts burning. Ethanol burns readily in air to form carbon dioxide and water vapour, and releasing a lot of heat and light:

C2H5OH + 3O2 ➡️ 2CO2 + 3H2O + Heat + Light

2. $\underline{\bold{Oxidation}}$

Oxidation means 'controlled combination'. When ethanol is heated with alkaline potassium permanganate solution (or acidified potassium dichromate solution), it gets oxidised to ethanoic acid:

CH3CH2OH + 2[O] + alkaline KMnO4; Heat (or Acidified K2Cr2O7) ➡️ CH3COOH + H2O

3. $\underline{\bold{Reaction with Sodium Metal}}$

Ethanol reacts with sodium to form sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas:

2C2H5OH + 2Na ➡️ 2C2H5O-Na+ + H2

4. $\underline{\bold{Dehydration}}$

Dehydration of an alcohol means removal of water molecule from it. When ethanol is heated with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid at 170°C (443 K), it gets dehydrated to form ethene (which is an unsaturated hydrocarbon) :

CH3-CH2OH + Conc.H2SO4; 170°C ➡️ CH2=CH2 + H2O

5. $\underline{\bold{Reaction with Ethanoic acid (Formation of Ester)}}$

Ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid on warming in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to form a sweet smelling ester, ethyl ethanoate :

CH3COOH + C2H5OH + Conc. H2SO4 ➡️ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

$\large{Chemical properties of Ethanoic Acid}$

1. $\underline{\bold{Action on Litmus.}}$

Ethanoic acid is acidic in nature. Being acidic in nature, ethanoic acid turns blue Litmus to red.

2. $\underline{\bold{Reaction with Sodium Carbonates and Hydrogencarbonates.}}$

Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonates and hydrogencarbonates to evolve carbon dioxide gas alongwith the formation of salt and water.

(i) $\underline{Reaction with Sodium Carbonate.}$

Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium ethanoate and carbon dioxide gas :

2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 ➡️ 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

(ii) $\underline{Reaction with Sodium Hydrogencarbonate.}$

Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonate to evolve brisk effervescence of carbon dioxide gas :

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ➡️ CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

3. $\underline{\bold{Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide.}}$

Ethanoic acid reacts with bases (or alkalis) to form salts and water. For example, ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form a salt called ethanoate and water :

CH3COOH + NaOH ➡️ CH3COONa + H2O

4. $\underline{\bold{Reaction with Alcohols : Formation of Esters.}}$

Ethanoic acid reacts with alcohols in the presence of a little concentrated sulphuric acid to form esters. For example, when ethanoic acid is warmed with ethanol in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, a sweet smelling ester called ethyl ethanoate is formed :

CH3COOH + C2H5OH + conc. H2SO4 ➡️ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

The second answer is in the attachment above☝️...

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